Psych 228 Human Development Unit 1 Quiz Exam Verified And Accurate Answers For Guaranteed Pass.

lifespan human development - correct answer The growth and maturation of the human from conception through death Developmental Scholarship - correct answer professional field devoted to the study if lifespan human development. 5 issues guide developmental pursuits - correct answer nature/nurture, continuity/disconuity, stability/instability, normative/non-normative, socio-cultural variation/socio-economic status. Nature vs. Nurture - correct answer Heredity vs. Environment Continuity - correct answer the property of a continuous and connected period of time discontinuity - correct answer The view that development is characterized by abrupt changes in behavior; often associated with stage theories of development. non-normative life events - correct answer unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life Socio-cultural - correct answer the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking socio-economic - correct answer of, relating to, or involving a combination of social and economic factors psychodynamic perspective - correct answer the approach based on the view that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control psychoanalytic theory - correct answer A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior Id - correct answer a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. ego - correct answer the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. Superego (Freud) - correct answer Represents the conscience, holds rules, values for socially acceptable behavior Psychoanalysis - correct answer Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist's interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. Erikson's Theory - correct answer A psychoanalytic theory in which eight stages of psychosocial development unfold throughout the human life span. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be faced. cognitive perspective - correct answer how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information Jean Piaget - correct answer Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor, 2. preoperational, 3. concrete operational, and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation Schema - correct answer a conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world. Little boy has a black and white dog. Goes to a farm and sees a cow for the first time and says dog. uses his schema for black and white animal. he attempts to assimilate this experience to ones he has had in the past. parents says moo, and try to help him develop a new schema. Lev Vygotsky - correct answer child development; investigated how culture & interpersonal communication guide development; zone of proximal development; play research guided participation - correct answer the process by which people learn from others who guide their experiences and explorations zone of proximal development - correct answer the difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone. Vygotsky. Teacher scaffolds the students learning by encouraging the learner to work In his zpd. classical conditioning - correct answer a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. Ivan Pavlov. Dogs salivate when they heard the bell unconditioned stimulus (US) - correct answer in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response. neutral stimulus (NS) - correct answer in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning conditioned stimulus (CS) - correct answer in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response. conditioned response (CR) - correct answer in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS) Watson - correct answer Behaviorism; "Little Albert Study"; aversion therapy. Little boy liked rat (ns), loud sound was combined with rat (us), then associated rat with Loud sound (cs) and was then afraid of the rat (cr) Skinner's Operant Conditioning - correct answer Believed you could use a system of positive and negative reinforcements to affect voluntary behavior Thorndike's Law of Effect - correct answer behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely Two processes in classical conditioning are: - correct answer generalisation and discrimination Darwinism - correct answer the theory of the evolution of species by natural selection advanced by Charles Darwin. ethological perspective - correct answer A theory that assumes that human development is an outcome of individual experiences in the social environment that provide information about which behaviors should be adopted to increase chances of survival. Konrad Lorenz and imprinting - correct answer living things are born with pre-wired features that guide survival. lifespan development - correct answer the scientific study of development through life. Balts Ecological Systems Theory - correct answer views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment. Brofenbrenner. Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem. Quantitative - correct answer Data that is in numbers