4 Heart valves used to maintain blood flow in 1 direction - ✔✔1. Tricuspid valve
2. Pulmonary valve
3. Aortic valve
4. Mitral valve
Exercise Physiology - ✔✔how the body responds to immediate and long term bouts of exercise
The cardiovascular system (CV) is comprised off what 3 components? - ✔✔1. heart
2. blood vessels
3. blood
What is the primary goal of the CV system? - ✔✔bring oxygen and nutrients to cells, remove co2 and
waste
What are the other functions of the CV system? - ✔✔1. transports hormones/enzymes
2.maintains fluid balance
3.regulate PH
4. regulate body temp.
5. preventing infection
What is the basic anatomy of the heart? - ✔✔4 chambers: 2 upper (atria), 2 lower (ventricles)
Pericardium - ✔✔sac that encloses the heart, 2 layers
The heart wall is made up of what 3 layers? - ✔✔epicardium (outer), myocardium (middle),
endocardium (smoother interior surface)
, Right side of the heart - ✔✔right atrium and right ventricle, collects deoxygenated blood from the body
and pumps it to the lungs and left side of the heart
Left side of the heart - ✔✔receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps to all body tissues via left
ventricle (largest most muscular chamber)
4 heart valves used to maintain blood flow in one direction - ✔✔tricuspid, pulmonary, bicuspid (mitral)
aortic
5 Types of Blood Vessels - ✔✔1. Arteries
2. Arterioles
3. Capillaries
4. Venules
5. Veins
Heart Rate (HR) - ✔✔the number of times the heart beats per minute, typically HR at rest is between 60-
80
Definition of Blood Pressure (BP) - ✔✔Force exerted by blood on vessel walls
What is considered normal resting BP and hypertension? - ✔✔normal: 120/80, hypertension:
consistently > 140/90
Definition of Stroke Volume (SV) - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected by the LV in a single contraction ; equal
to ratio of end diastolic to end systolic volumes
Definition of Cardiac Output (Q) - ✔✔Volume of blood ejected by the ventricles per minute
SV plateaus at what percent of maximal aerobic capacity - ✔✔40-60%
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