AP Biology - The Chemistry of Life; Questions & Answers 100% Solved
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AP Biology
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AP Biology
AP Biology - The Chemistry of Life; Questions & Answers
100% Solved
elements Correct answer-substances that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by chemical means
CHNOPS Correct answer-an acronym representing the 6 key elements of life
carbon Correct answer-key element of life; maj...
AP Biology - The Chemistry of Life; Questions & Answers
100% Solved
elements Correct answer-substances that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by chemical means
CHNOPS Correct answer-an acronym representing the 6 key elements of life
carbon Correct answer-key element of life; major component of ALL organic compounds,
including all 4 types of macromolecules (sugars, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids); rarely found
unbound to other elements
hydrogen Correct answer-key element of life, highly involved in the creation of protein
gradients that enable photosynthesis and respiration
nitrogen Correct answer-key element of life, especially prevalent in proteins and nucleic
acids; wastes based on excesses of this element must be excreted by organisms to prevent the
accumulation of toxic ammonia in cells
oxygen Correct answer-key element of life, involved in processes like oxidative
phosphorylation and a major component of many organic compounds; exists in the atmosphere
in molecular form, small enough to permeate most membranes by simple diffusion
phosphorous Correct answer-key element of life; especially important for its role in
phosphate and thus in ATP molecules, which store energy to fuel the majority of cellular work
,AP Biology - The Chemistry of Life; Questions & Answers
100% Solved
sulfur Correct answer-key element of life; especially important in proteins, where
disulfide bridges composed of this element help anchor peptide chains into functional shapes
(tertiary structure)
trace elements Correct answer-elements that are required by organisms in only very
small quantities, such as Fe, Cu, I, etc
atom Correct answer-the smallest unit of an element that retains its characteristic
properties; composed of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons
nucleus Correct answer-the center core of an atom where the protons and neutrons are
concentrated
protons Correct answer-positively charged subatomic particles located in the nucleus of
an atom; constant for all atoms of the same element
neutrons Correct answer-subatomic particles that carry no charge; located in the nucleus
of an atom; number can vary among atoms of the same element, leading to various isotopes
(some of which are unstable, or radioactive, and spontaneously split due to instability)
isotopes Correct answer-atoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons and thus different atomic masses; some are unstable, or radioactive
, AP Biology - The Chemistry of Life; Questions & Answers
100% Solved
electrons Correct answer-negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of
an atom in a region of space called the "electron cloud"
valence electrons Correct answer-the electrons of the outermost energy level of an atom
that determine bonding characteristics
valence Correct answer-the maximum number of bonds that an atom of a particular
element can form; based on the number of valence electrons (8 - ve)
atomic number Correct answer-the number of protons in all atoms of a specific element
mass number Correct answer-the weighted average of the masses of the different
isotopes of an element
atomic mass Correct answer-the mass of an atom of a particular isotope of a particular
element; equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
compound Correct answer-a combination of two or more different types of atoms in a
fixed ratio
chemical reaction Correct answer-the formation or destruction of chemical bonds
between two or more atoms or compounds
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