Enlightenment (17-18th century, France and Europe) - correct answer A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.
- skepticism towards tradition/religion
Pietism in Lutheran Germ...
Enlightenment (17-18th century, France and Europe) - correct answer A movement
in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social
institutions.
- skepticism towards tradition/religion
Pietism in Lutheran Germany (17th century, Germany) - correct answer Quest for
inner light rather than reason; inner spiritual experience independent from religious doctrines
- opposed Enlightenment
- not conservative
Great Awakening (1739-1744, US) - correct answer A sudden outbreak of religious
fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies.
- Church of England, John Wesley
- New understanding of natural rights and religious denunciation of slave trade
- Methodism
Methodism (18th century, Church of England, Great Britain and US) - correct answer
A religion founded by John Wesley. Insisted strict self-discipline and a methodical approach to religious
study and observance. Emphasized an intense personal salvation and a life of thrift, abstinence, and
hard work
- democratic ideals (ind. worth and consciousness separate from religion)
- Denounced as "enthusiasm"
Freemasonry (18th century, France) - correct answer An organization that
encouraged secrecy; Dedicated to spreading Liberalism/Secularism
- respectful of God
- Created fear of conspiracy of "illuminati" --> "the enlightened ones"
,Philosophe (18th century, France) - correct answer Group of social/literary critics
etc
- wrote for attention, to spread Enlightenment
- Middle and lower classes
- Approach subjects critically, with inquiry
- Emilie du Chatelet, Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great
- Heightened literacy
Public Opinion - correct answer Malesherbes: "an independent social force "that all
powers respect, that appreciates all talents, that pronounces on all people of merit"
- censorship by church, Parlement of Paris
Montesquieu (1689-1755, France) --> Dont-a-eux (jurisdiction --> checks and balances) - correct answer
French philosophe. Said "Power checks power" and expressed the idea of separation of powers.
- Antiabsolutism
- "Spirit of Laws, 1748" --> different Govs suited to different climates (despotism --> large empires in hot
climate)
- feudal liberties
- monarchy, aristocracy and democracy
- Reactionary
Voltaire (1694-1778) - correct answer championed the enlightened principles of
reason, progress, toleration, and individual liberty
, Natural Religion (18th century, France) - correct answer Difference between good
and evil arose from reason
- reason revealed essential truths and good human actions
- supernatural makes people stupid
- VOLTAIRE
Universal History - correct answer Secular conception of world history through a
Judeo-Christian scope
Enlightened Government (18th century, France and East Europe) - correct answer -
fought against stupidity
- kept clergy subordinate
- allowed freedom of thought and religion
- development of reason and science
- advanced material and technical progress
Enlightened Despotism (18th century, France and Eastern Europe) - correct answer -
Absolute rule justified not on grounds of heredity or divine right
- Secular in outlook and justification, as in Frederick the Great's self-description as "the first servant of
the state."
- Used to rationalize and organize the state from the top down during the Age of the Enlightenment.
- Large civilized countries
- Rational elites take power
- Strong state to fight ignorance
- Liberty for Enlightened
- Rational and Reformist --> from 1740-1748 and 1756-1763 wars--> increase revenue, new taxes, limit
gov body, centralize politics
- only true change would come with revolution (limitation)
Maupeou Parlement (1771, France) - correct answer Post-7 Years war
Louis XV sought to eliminate parliaments after war debts to gain central control
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller RealGrades. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R279,13. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
