1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy health?
a. Florence Nightingale yy
b. Mary Nutting yy
c. Clara Barton yy
d. Lillian Wald yy
yy ANS: A yy
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy founded the American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
DIF:Understand (comprehension) yy
OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy practices.
TOP: y y y y Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance yy yy yy yy
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yy yy yy
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome.
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
Which standard of nursing practice is the nurse following?
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
yy ANS: C yy
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
implementation, the registered nurse implements (carries out) the identified plan.
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
DIF:Understand (comprehension) yy
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.TOP: Planning MSC:
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
Management of Care
yy yy yy
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
level of proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
a. Novice
b. Proficient
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yy yy yy
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner yy
yy ANS: A yy
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy home
health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g.,
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients).
yy yy yy yy
This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
long- range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
DIF:Apply (application) yy
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.TOP: Evaluation MSC:
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
Management of Care
yy yy yy
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
more fluids. The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept
yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy yy
yy is the nurse demonstrating?
yy yy yy
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
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