This Grade 12 IEB Physical Science guide covers the principles of naming organic compounds, with emphasis on homologous series, functional groups, and structural formulas. It includes rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, applying prefixes and suffixes for various functional groups, and n...
NNNNENYMNNs
↑ number longest continuos chain of carbon atoms from end nearest functional
group (longest chain determines prefix)
# of carbon prefix # of carbon
prefix
atoms atoms
I meth- 6 nex
2 eth -
7 Hept-
S ct
S
8
propo
-
but 9 non-
pent- 18 dec
· fuctional group determines the Suffix
> alkanes end in-ane (single bond,
> alkenes end in-ene (double bond)
2
. In alkenes ,
the position of double bond/s must be stated In name
, using a number
the double bond (functional group) must be given lowest number possible
RNILE 1 : It's separated from letters using dashes
5. branched hydrocarbon molecules
↳
alkyl group side-chain attached longest
:
to continuous carbon chain
alkyl group name Structural formula
H
CH3- methyl H -
-
it
HH
CH3 -
CH2- I
OR
CH5-
ethyl
H
T
I
H -
C -
H
HH H
example : I
H- -" H
-"
I
-
-
H H
-
C
-
position of name of
alkyl longest position of homologous
(methyl) carbon functional
alkyl group group series
(4) chain (6) group (2)
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