What type of chemical weathering causes rocks to turn "rust" in color? Why is this relevant to banded iron formations? - ️️oxidation
oxygen combines with iron to form iron oxide; process is slow in dry environments; water increases the speed of the reaction
Iron oxides add rust color
What is...
What type of chemical weathering causes rocks to turn "rust" in color? Why is
this relevant to banded iron formations? - ✔ ✔ oxidation
oxygen combines with iron to form iron oxide; process is slow in dry
environments; water increases the speed of the reaction
Iron oxides add rust color
What is hydrolysis & what silicate mineral does it produce? - ✔ ✔ hydrolysis
the reaction of any substance with water; a hydrogen ion attacks and replaces
another ion; silicates primarily decompose by this
Clay minerals are produced
What factors influence the rate of weathering? - ✔ ✔ rock type and climate
texture
Factors such as surface area, rock composition, and location
What is the "bridge between life and the inanimate world" and what two
"spheres" does it bridge? - ✔ ✔ Soil
Biosphere
What factors control soil formation? Which one is most influential and what are
its 2 key components? - ✔ ✔ Cimate
Components:
Temperature
Precipitation
How does slope/topography influence soil formation? - ✔ ✔ steep slopes
,have poorly developed soils; moisture content of these areas is often
insufficient for plant growth
T/F Soil forming processes operate from the bottom (bedrock) to the surface. -
✔ ✔ False
Soil forming processes operate from the surface downwards .
horizons
horizontal layers that soil is divided into
soil profile
vertical section through all the soil horizons
What are the horizontal layers of soil called? - ✔ ✔ horizons
What are the major soil horizons & what are they composed of? - ✔ ✔ o soil
horizon
organic matter; the lower portion is composed of humus; includes bacteria,
fungi, algae,and insects
a soil horizon
organic and mineral matter; high biological activity
e horizon
little organic matter; light colored layer
b horizon
,subsoil; zone of accumulation; material washed down from the E horizon
accumulates in this layer
solum
made up of the O,A,E, and B horizons; the "true soil"
Geology is a combination of what disciplines? - ✔ ✔ Earth Observations
Physics
Math
Geography
Biology
Chemistry
What is/are the difference(s) between Physical Geology and Historical Geology?
- ✔ ✔ physical geology:
examines Earth materials and seeks to understand the many processes that
operate on our planet
historical geology:
seeks an understanding of the origin of Earth and its development through time
What is Uniformitarianism? What about Catastrophism? Does Geology conform
to one of them in particular or both? - ✔ ✔ uniformitarianism:
the physical, chemical, and biologic laws that operate today have operated
throughout the geologic past
, catastrophism:
Earth's landscapes were shaped primarily by catastrophes
probably uniforarinasim.
How old is the Earth? - ✔ ✔ 4.6 Billion
What are the steps of the Scientific Method? - ✔ ✔ Purpose/Question. Ask a
question.
Research. Conduct background research. ...
Hypothesis. Propose a hypothesis. ...
Experiment. Design and perform an experiment to test your hypothesis. ...
Data/Analysis. Record observations and analyze the meaning of the data. ...
Conclusion.
What are the 4 spheres of the Earth? Are they interconnected? - ✔ ✔
hydrosphere:
the water portion of Earth
atmosphere:
the gaseous envelope of Earth
geosphere:
the solid Earth
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