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Anatomy-Anatomy of the Pancreas and Liver
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This comprehensive textbook of medical physiology provides an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of body functions
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AnatomyAnatomy Of The Pancreas And Liver
Compiled By Muchiri Simon
Edition: 2024/25
, Medical & Nursing | Anatomy I of IV pages
1. What are the main functions of the pancreas?
The main functions of the pancreas include endocrine hormone production (insulin and glucagon) and
2. Describe the anatomical location of the pancreas.
The pancreas is located retroperitoneally in the abdominal cavity, behind the stomach and adjacent to the
3. What are the anatomical divisions of the pancreas?
The pancreas is anatomically divided into a head, body, and tail.
4. Explain the blood supply to the pancreas.
The pancreas is supplied by branches of the celiac artery (splenic artery and gastroduodenal artery).
5. Describe the lymphatic drainage of the pancreas.
The lymphatic drainage of the pancreas primarily involves lymph nodes around the pancreaticoduodenal
6. What are the main cell types in the pancreatic islets?
The pancreatic islets contain alpha cells (producing glucagon), beta cells (producing insulin), delta cells
7. What hormones are produced by the pancreatic islets?
The pancreatic islets produce hormones such as insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide.
8. Describe the structure and function of acinar cells in the pancreas.
Acinar cells in the pancreas secrete digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases.
9. Explain the process of pancreatic enzyme activation.
Pancreatic enzyme activation occurs in the duodenum, where inactive proenzymes are converted into active
10. What is the role of pancreatic juice in digestion?
Pancreatic juice contains enzymes for digestion (lipase, amylase, proteases) and bicarbonate for neutralizing
11. Describe the anatomy of the pancreatic duct system.
The pancreatic duct system includes the main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) and accessory duct (duct of
12. What is the pancreaticoduodenal artery, and what structures does it supply?
The pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the pancreas, duodenum, and associated structures.
13. Explain the clinical significance of the pancreatic duct.
The pancreatic duct can be obstructed, leading to pancreatic ductal dilation and potential complications.
14. What is the pancreas divisum?
Pancreas divisum is a congenital anomaly where the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts fail to fuse.
15. Describe the arterial supply to the liver.
The liver is primarily supplied by the hepatic artery (from the celiac trunk) and portal vein.
16. Explain the venous drainage of the liver.
Venous drainage of the liver occurs via the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava.
Anatomy 2024/25 Edition
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