Exam (elaborations)
PYC4805: Exam Answers Question 2
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- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
Exam Preparation Answers Question 2
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Question 2: Chapter 1By using examples from the characteristics of adult
development discussed in your prescribed book, explain and
discuss the following core issues in development:
a) Nature-nurture (5)
b) Stability-change (5)
c) Continuity-discontinuity (5)
d) Universal versus context-specific development (5)
[20]
Core Issues in Development
Four main issues occupy most of the discussion:
nature versus nurture,
stability versus change,
continuity versus discontinuity, and
universal versus context-specific development.
The Nature-Nurture Issue The Stability-Change Issue
Answers to these questions illustrate The stability–change issue concerns the
different positions on the nature– degree to which people remain the
nurture issue, which involves the same over time, as discussed in the
degree to which genetic or hereditary Current Controversies feature.
influences (nature) and experiential or Stability at some basic level is essential
environmental influences (nurture) for us (and others) to recognize that
determine the kind of person you are. one is the same individual as time goes
Scientists once hoped to answer these on.
questions by identifying either heredity But we also like to believe that our
or environment as the cause of a characteristics are not set in concrete,
particular aspect of development. that we can change ourselves if we so
The goal was to be able to say, for desire.
example, that intelligence was due to Although there is little controversy
heredity or that personality was due to about whether children change in some
experience. ways from birth through age 18, there
Today, however, we know that virtually is much controversy about whether
no features of life-span development adults do as well.
are due exclusively to either heredity or Much of the controversy over stability
environment. and change across adulthood stems
Instead, development is always shaped from how specific characteristics are
by both: defined and measured.
Nature and nurture are mutually
interactive influences. How much we remain the same and
how much we change, then, turns out
For example, it is known that some to be a difficult issue to resolve in an
forms of Alzheimer’s disease are objective way.
genetically linked. For many gerontologists, whether
However, whether one actually gets stability or change is the rule depends
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