Summary
Summary Life Sciences (Biology)
- Course
- Life Sciences
- Institution
- 12
Explanations of processes such as DNA replication Explanations of Mendel's Laws Summary of genetics
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GENETICS AND INHERITENCEPAPER 2
PREPARED BY: NENGOVHELA A.K
,❖ Genetics is the study of heredity and variation in living organisms
❖ Inheritance – the set of characteristics that have been passed from
parent to offspring
❖ Every child inherits genes from their biological parents that express
specific traits.
❖ Some of these traits may be physical for example eye colour or hair
colour etc.
❖ Some genes may also carry certain risk of disorders and diseases.
❖ Johann Gregor Mendel the “father of genetics” demonstrated that
traits are transmitted from parents to offspring independently of
other traits and in dominant and recessive patterns
,❖ GENE- Section of DNA coding for a particular trait. E.G
eye colour
❖ Allele- Alternative form of a gene.
❖ Dominant allele- Allele that is always expressed in the
phenotype.
❖ Recessive allele- Allele that is only expressed in the
phenotype when a dominant allele is not present.
❖ Locus-Position or location of a gene on a chromosome.
❖ Genotype- The genetic make-up of an individual,
showing the alleles that determine the trait.
❖ Phenotype-Physical appearance of an individual
❖ Homozygous-Both alleles for a trait are the same.
❖ Heterozygous- Two alleles for the trait are different.
, ❖ The characteristics of an organism are passed on
from one generation to another by genes.
❖ The genes exist in pairs. (TT/Tt/tt)
❖ One of the genes comes from the father and one
comes from the mother
❖ If a dominant and recessive gene of a trait exist
together (Tt), the dominant (T) form mask the
recessive trait (t).
❖ The recessive gene can be present even though it is
not physically visible (Tt).
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