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Knee-jerk (patellar) reflex - ANS: -Tapping the patellar with a hammer abruptly stretches the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh -stimulates numerous muscle spindles in the quadriceps -sends an intense volley of signals to the spinal cord Describe in detail two language areas in the brain - ANS: Wernicke's area: -responsible for understanding speech -allows you to recognize words and translate those words into thoughts -Damage to this area allows you to be able to speak but inst...

Describe skeletal muscle - ANS: -Striated -Voluntary muscle -Is 40% to 50% of body weight ("red meat" attached to bones) -long, slender, multinucleated cells that are organized in parallel to one another Describe smooth muscle - ANS: -Nonstriated, involuntary, visceral muscle -Found in walls of hollow visceral structures such as digestive tract, blood vessels, and ureters -Contractions not under voluntary control; movement caused by contraction is involuntary Describe cardiac mu...

Part of the skin that makes the strength and flexibility of the dermis? - ANS: Reticular Layer Gland that secretes oil - ANS: Sebacious gland Glands that produce cerumen - ANS: Ceruminous gland Glands that secrete sweat - ANS: Exocrine glands What cell type forms the strata of the epidermis? - ANS: Keratinocytes Abundant cell type in epidermis? - ANS: Keratinocytes What part of the skin is composed of keratinized stratified epithelium? - ANS: Epidermis Which layer of skin fo...

Identify which bones form by intramembranous ossification - ANS: -flat bones of the skull -most of the facial bones -mandible (lower jawbone) -medial part of the clavicle (collar bone) Describe the process of endochondral ossification - ANS: -Bones develop from cartilage models -Center of ossification first appears in diaphysis -Centers of ossification then develop in epiphyses Describe calcification of bones and identify when it occurs - ANS: -process in which calcium builds up in ...

areolar connective tissue - ANS: Glue that holds organs together Adipose(fat) connective tissue - ANS: Lipid storage in primary function fibrous connective tissue - ANS: Bundles of strong collagen fibers; e.g. tendons bone connective tissue - ANS: Matrix is calcified; function is support and protection cartilage connective tissue - ANS: Matrix is consistency of gristle-like gel; chondrocyte is cell type blood connective tissue - ANS: Matrix is fluid; functions are transportation a...

First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus - ANS: Prophase Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell - ANS: Metaphase The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles - ANS: Anaphase The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the c...

What is anatomy and physiology? - ANS: • Anatomy-study of the structures of the human body. • Physiology-Study of the function and working of those structures. Define buffer - ANS: form chemical systems that absorb excess acids or bases to maintain a relatively stable pH, maintains homeostasis Define metabolism - ANS: refers to the whole sum of reactions that occur throughout the body within each cell and they provide the body with energy. Define homeostasis - ANS: Maintaining a st...

The study of human structure - ANS: Anatomy The study of human function - ANS: Physiology A tendency for organisms to maintain a balanced or constant internal state - ANS: Homeostasis A state of balance - ANS: Equilibrium Consequences of homeostatic imbalance - ANS: Illness or death Thermoregulation Process - ANS: A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by reversing that change, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring. (Ex. thermoregulation) -...

What does a synergistic muscle do - ANS: also called fixators, act around a joint to help the action of an agonist muscle. (iliacus, psoas major, and rectus femoris) hamstring group - ANS: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus sodium-potassium ion - ANS: Neuron has a negative charge at rest. Slightly positive charge sodium ions on the outside. During the firing, sodium ions rush into the axon causing depolarization. Potassium ions rush out of the axon causing it to return to i...

Describe the control of the dorsal respiratory group neurons on respiration - ANS: -Modifies the rate and depth of breathing -controls the basic rhythm of breathing by triggering inspiratory impulses -neurons send impulses to the motor nerves of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles Describe the processes of exhalation and inhalation during eupnea (and identify the muscles involved). - ANS: -inspiratory neurons fire for about 2 sec, expiratory neurons fire for about 3 sec -Normal quie...