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University Notes - 1st Master - Biomedical Sciences - Neurosciences - Behavioural Neurosciences
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NOVELTY SEEKINGPERSONALITY – ADDICTION
Behavioural Neuroscience notes
, PERSONALITY
Personality can be divided into temperament and character.
Temperament is an inborn form of human nature. It describes individual
differences in strength of drives underlying basis emotions like anger, disgust,
fear etc. Basically, temperament can be referred to as set of inclinations we are
born with, predispositions which are hardwired in from birth.
Character is an emergent form of human nature. It describes the individual
differences in a person’s goals and values. It develops through the interaction of
temperament and environment. Basically, character is a set of habits we acquire
over lifetime. As opposed to temperament, character is a disposition.
Personality has been described for longer time in 4 words or rather 4 types of
personalities:
1) Artisan
2) Guardian
3) Idealist
4) Rational
These are “4 temperaments” according to Keirsey.
Personality can be described in 3 different ways:
- The omnibus definition
- Trait or Integrative/Configurational approach
- Systems or Hierarchical approach
, The omnibus definition – Personality is everything that makes you an
individual. It is the integration and interaction of your genetic
inheritance, your experience, and your ways to relate the two -> It is a
poor tool as definition because it doesn’t allow you to measure personality.
Also, there is no guidance in this definition in a sense that it is not
defined how to distinguish different personalities.
Trait or Integrative/Configurational approach – A trait is a dynamic
trend of behaviour which results from the integration of numerous
specific habits of adjustment, and which expresses a characteristic mode
of the individual’s reaction to his surroundings.
o A trait is a predisposition to act the same way in a variety of
situations. Traits are real, not concepts.
Systems or Hierarchical approach – Personality contains 3 layers or
components:
o The Persona = external layers, it is a mask that we put on for a
different occasions.
o The self = this is a private ego behind the mask = it dominates
conscious experience, and it is closely tied to personal memories. It
controls mental processes = executive process
o The Unconscious process = not normally accessible to conscious
awareness.
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