Summary of the viruses in the group flaviviridae, which includes yellow fever and tick fevers among others. Distinguishes between different viruses in the group and identifies key diseases which they are responsible for
- Enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses which mainly infect mammals and birds
- Primarily spread by arthropod vectors, such as ticks and mosquitoes
- Over 89 species in the family divided into four genera of viruses: Flavivirus, Hepacivirus,
Pegivirus and Pestivirus
- Associated diseases include hepatitis, hemorrhagic fever, fatal mucosal disease,
encephalitis and microcephaly
- Viral replication is cytoplasmic, host cell entry occurs through attachment of viral envelope
protein E to host receptors, initiating clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Flavivirus
- This genus includes West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow fever
virus and Zika virus
- Named after yellow fever virus, which is known for its tendency to cause yellow jaundice in
mammalian hosts
- Common features include a symmetrical shape (enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid) and
SS-RNA nucleic acid
- Most flaviviruses are transmitted by the bites of infected arthropods such as mosquitoes
and ticks, and are hence classified as arboviruses
- Human infection is mostly incidental, and humans are a dead-end host, as the virus is
unable to replicate at a high enough level to reinfect arthropods. The obvious exceptions to
this are yellow fever virus, zika virus and dengue virus
Hepacivirus
- This genus includes the Hepatitis C virus, which is associated with hepatitis and
hepatocellular carcinoma
Pegivirus
- Single stranded RNA viruses, whose name refers to Hepatitis G, a former name of the C
species
- Associated diseases include GB virus C, Equine Pegivirus (EPgV) and human Pegivirus
type 2
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