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PPP Grammar Lesson Table
(M = Meaning, P = Pronunciation, F = Form)
1. What is the target form? (F) Present perfect
Affirmative form: Subject + have/has + past participle
E.g., I've ridden a camel.
2. What is the model sentence you will elicit to I will begin by eliciting a question (based on one of the students' examples in warmer), e.g., 'Have you
begin your presentation? been to Paris?', and then from that elicit the affirmative: 'I've been to Paris,' which I will use as a model.
3. What are the negative and question Model sentence in negative form: I haven't been to Paris/She hasn't ridden a camel
(interrogative) forms of your model Form: Subject + have/has + not + past participle
sentence?
Model sentence in question form: 'Have you (ever) been to Paris?' (or Have you (ever) ridden a camel? Or
similar depending on student starting examples).
Form: Have/Has + Subject + past participle?
4. What is the function? (M) Talking about general life experiences.
Events/actions that occurred at some unspecified time in the past – before now.
The time period is conceived of as unfinished – the event happened at some point before now – so there is
a kind of connection with the present. If we are talking about someone who is dead (e.g., Shakespeare),
we would not use present perfect as there is no connection with the present.
5. What do students need to know about Stress and weak forms
the pronunciation, including sentence In affirmative form, the subject and auxiliary verb are usually contracted:
stress and intonation? (P) I've, he's, etc.
In negative form the auxiliary verb and not are usually contracted: haven't, hasn't.
(We also use he's not, they've not etc. but this is less common so I will not present in this lesson)
Affirmative:
The main verb carries the stress, and any content words following the verb. The main stress falls on the
last content word in the clause.
She's met the queen.
They've sailed round the world.
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