THL2602
Assignment 2
Bridgette Obonyo
2021 Semester 1.
Bridgette Obonyo THL2602 Assignment 2
Part 1: Poetry, Question 2
Bridgette Obonyo THL2602 Assignment 2
Forms of Syntactic foregrounding in poetry.
According to the Russian formalists, poetic language differs from ordinary language in...
According to the Russian formalists, poetic language differs from ordinary language in that it
deviates from ordinary language (Carusi & Oliphant 2007:73). This deviation occurs with the use of
formal devices such as rhyme and meter amongst others, as well as with the heavy use of figurative
language (Carusi & Oliphant 2007:73). This deviation from ordinary language draws attention to the
formal aspects of the language instead of allowing them to fade into the background, thereby
foregrounding them (Carusi & Oliphant 2007:73). This deviation from ordinary language results in
defamiliarization- it makes the language strange and unfamiliar (Carusi & Oliphant 2007:75). This
defamiliarization forces the receiver of the poem to perform a closer reading, as well as forces them
to come to new and unusual conclusions and understandings of a work (Carusi & Oliphant 2007: 75).
One way that poetic language deviates from ordinary language is in syntactic foregrounding. Syntax
refers to the way in which words are arranged in a normal well- formed sentence (Oxford reference,
2021). In the use of syntactic foregrounding, poetic language is manipulated so that it deviates from
normal language, making it strange and unfamiliar, or defamiliarized (Oliphant & Keuris 2010:19).
This deviation serves to highlight or foreground certain elements of the language, as well as provides
structure and organisation to the work by connecting different metaphors, which aids in
interpretation of the work (Oliphant & Keuris 2010:19. Some forms of syntactic foregrounding are
accentuation, creation of hierarchies, shifts in accent, ambiguity, Semanticisation, and creation of
relationship (Oliphant & Keuris 2010:19), all of which will be discussed in this essay by analysing a
selection of poems. These poems are: War is kind by Stephen Crane, Hope by Emily Dickinson, Child
By Silvia Plath, XIV or Pity this busy minster manunkind by EE cummings, and it could have been a
lonely night Minji Karibo
The poem XIV, also known as Pity This Busy Monster Manunkind by E.E. Cummings makes use of
ambiguity. Ambiguity is a device used in poetry to expand the meaning of words or phrases so that
they may be interpreted in several different ways (Oliphant & Keuris 2010:28). These interpretations
can be considered individually or can be combined into one single interpretation that is a
conglomerate of the rest (Oliphant & Keuris 2010:28). A word or phrase is ambiguous when it has
multiple meanings, or when the meaning is not, at least at first, obvious (Oliphant & Keuris 2010:28).
When the reader of a poem encounters ambiguity, they must first reconstruct the sentence or
phrase in its normal semantic, syntactic and grammatical forms so that they may then consider how
its presentation in the poem affects its meaning and interpretation (Oliphant & Keuris 2010:28).
In XIV, The word “Manunkind” (line 1) is ambiguous as this made up word can be understood in two
ways. Firstly, the word could be interpreted as meaning that human beings have become cruel and
unkind like a “monster”. This interpretation is supported by the metaphor which manunkind is a part
of, “monster” being the vehicle and “manunkind” the tenor (line 1). This interpretation is also
supported by the word “not” in line 2, which suggests that human beings are not to be pitied,
because they are monstrous. A second interpretation of the word “manunkind” and the tenor-
vehicle construction it forms a part of is that man has become divorced from their natural state and
from nature itself, so much so that man has become less human. Man is unmade and has come to
resemble a monster as opposed to a creature of nature. In this case the negation of the verb “pity”
(line 1) implies that manunkind is not to be pitied as they have brought their current state upon
themselves. Both interpretations can be combined. In the human quest for advancement and
progress, people have distanced themselves from nature, which as a consequence has turned them
into monsters who cannot appreciate or care for the natural world around them, and who then
Los beneficios de comprar resúmenes en Stuvia estan en línea:
Garantiza la calidad de los comentarios
Compradores de Stuvia evaluaron más de 700.000 resúmenes. Así estas seguro que compras los mejores documentos!
Compra fácil y rápido
Puedes pagar rápidamente y en una vez con iDeal, tarjeta de crédito o con tu crédito de Stuvia. Sin tener que hacerte miembro.
Enfócate en lo más importante
Tus compañeros escriben los resúmenes. Por eso tienes la seguridad que tienes un resumen actual y confiable.
Así llegas a la conclusión rapidamente!
Preguntas frecuentes
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
100% de satisfacción garantizada: ¿Cómo funciona?
Nuestra garantía de satisfacción le asegura que siempre encontrará un documento de estudio a tu medida. Tu rellenas un formulario y nuestro equipo de atención al cliente se encarga del resto.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Excellentstudyresources001. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for 2,85 €. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
