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Lecture notes Crime and Deviance - Week 3
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Week 3 of Crime and Deviance module
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SO3903: Crime and Deviance08/10/21 Lecture 3: The City and Deviance
KEY:
Definitions
Important Dates
Statistics
Assignment Stuff
Key Points/Things to Main Points
Remember Social Ecology
Interaction between people and their surrounding
environment, and the social and behavioural conseq
of such interactions
Examines the differential development of indivi
various environments and the role the environmen
propensity to engage in criminal behaviour.
Linked to the Chicago School and Social Disorga
Theory
Serves as framework for the basis of researc
conducted within the discipline of enviro
criminology
Much of the work carried out studied the co
between criminality, poverty and population densit
Chicago School
Macro based theory
There was a lot of social change happening in th
Chicago – mass immigration and population g
spatial patterns and behaviour
Chicago School was a development of the wr
Durkheim which depicted crime as a social produce
level of criminality as representing the extent
integration
Studies of social disorganization theory coming ou
University of Chicago between the 1920s and 1940s
Focused on environment and sought to explain w
seemed to be a constant feature of certain loca
neighbourhoods
, Concentric Zone Model (Park and Burgess)
Drawing on the biological concept of plant ecolo
and Burgess formulated an analogous notion of
ecology’
Interactions of humans with the environme
considering this relationship as a system
How people organise themselves socially to adapt
habitat
Sent graduate students onto the streets of Chica
instructions to ‘tell it like it is’
Their findings emphasised the petty nature of mu
and delinquency and appeared to support Durkhei
that such incidents were not a serious threat to st
society
Explored the phenomenon of collective behavi
interaction
“The city is a state of mind, a body of custo
traditions, and of organized attitudes and sentime
inhere in this tradition. The city is not, in othe
merely a physical mechanism and an artificial cons
It is involved in the vital processes of the peo
compose it, it is a product of nature and partic
human nature” (Park).
Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay
- Mapped the areas of a city that were inhabited by j
delinquents aged between ten and 16 years. Conclu
there was a definite spatial pattern in crime in urba
locations whose make-up was characterised by con
circles.
- Youths from disadvantaged neighbourhoods partici
subculture which approves of delinquency, and thes
youths acquire criminality in this social and cultural
- Delinquency is not caused at individual level but a r
to abnormal conditions.
- Theory directly links crime to neighbourhood ecolog
characteristics – location matters.
- Person’s residential location is a substantial factor s
the likelihood that the person will be involved in ille
activities.
- Shaw and McKay recognised that the patterns of
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