These summary notes are all according to the CIE IGCSE Chemistry specification and syllabus. They cover everything required by the syllabus and include labelled diagrams gotten from many useful sources. The notes were used by a student who achieved a 9 in the subject.
Examples: coal, natural gas + petroleum.
Methane is the main constituent of natural gas.
Petroleum = a mixture of hydrocarbons.
· FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL:
· HOMOLOGOUS SERIES:
A ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence
of the same functional group.
The compounds in a homologous series have the same general formula.
· STRUCTURAL ISOMERSISM:
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Due to the different arrangement of their atoms in space.
Two types – chain and position
Chain – structure of the carbon chain differs.
Position – the position of the functional group differs.
· ALKANES:
Hydrocarbon compounds with only single carbon bonds, there are no C=C bonds
Generally unreactive (except in terms of burning)
Substitution reaction:
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