SimUtext Section 2 2022/2023 with 100% correct answers

How do you know how much wood to harvest? Balance the rate at which you burn it against the rate at which it grows What is the target harvest rate? the amount of wood to harvest to keep the temp in the cabin a certain temp need more wood to keep cabin warmer 00:07 01:28 How do target harvest rate and forest growth rate relate? together they determine the biomass which is the total mass of trees in the forest When the thermostat was cold what happened to biomass? it decreased then leveled out thats because the forest produces plenty of firewood. The Harvest (need) = or is less than the growth rate (have) What is a stable age distribution? when the harvest rate is kept constant and environmental conditions don't change much it allows a stable proportion of seeds, saplings and mature trees (all stages) What happened with a higher temperature? when the temperature was higher, the HR -what you needed- was higher than what was produced in the growth so you would run out of wood the trees were harvested faster than they grew at 18 the forest disappeared at 21 since the HR was much higher What is an ecosystem? a dynamic, interacting, interrelated set of biotic and abiotic components in a particular location. the living components have often evolved with each other and with the non-living environment in such a way as to produce a relatively stable and self sustaining unit. What is a biotic factor? abiotic? living factors so each other nonliving like soil, water and pH. What are autotrophs? Organisms that synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules through primary production What is Primary production? Secondary creates biomass and involves use of inorganic molecules like Co2 and H2o creates biomass via consumption What are plants jobs in an ecosystem? they are the principal primary producers capturing energy via photosynthesis What is a chemoautotrophs? uses inorganic substances as a source of energy to power primary production 00:00 01:28 How much energy do plants use? They burn up to half the energy captured by photosynthesis and releases it as heat in respiration and the rest is biomass for later What is GPP? the rate at which solar energy is captured by photosynthesis - does not care about energy lost via respiration What is NPP? The difference between the rate at which energy is captured during photosynthesis and lost via respiration shows what is left which is is stored as biomass for growth and reproduction What is the cycle of Solar energy and growth starting with absorption? The tree absorbs some energy and reflects some. The absorbed energy is radiated as heat loss and the rest powers GPP. Plant uses some GPP for energy for respiration and is lost as heat. NPP=GPP- respiration and is the energy available for growth and reproduction. Page 9 for cycle How does the first law of thermodynamics relate to energy flow in plants? energy inputs must equal outputs and some energy is lost as heat What are Sankey diagrams? Energy transformation diagrams shows the energy flow through the system arrow width determines magnitude meaning how much and arrows can flow in different directions the width of the arrows flowing in = width of arrows going out showing the first law of thermodynamics GPP-Ra= NPP Gross primary production (energy from photosynthesis)- Autotrophic respiration= net primary production which is available for g&r NPP in relation to food and heating? With one and two and three people, the TH and GR are equal so there is more than enough food and you can heat still. but with four people, the TH was bigger so you needed more than how fast the trees grew so you could not provide food for 4 people while keeping the cabin warm When you added a wasteland it removed area for growth so what happened? when 0.3 ha was used for waste you could still feed 2 people and warm cabin to 15 but if you lowered it to 12, you could feed and warm 4 people How do you find how much land does each person need to provide food, heat and waste? Add up all the area numbers then divide by number of people