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Summary Summaries of multiple cardiovascular topics 3,68 €   Añadir al carrito

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Summary Summaries of multiple cardiovascular topics

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In depth summaries of some of the trickier cardiovascular topics.

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  • 21 de mayo de 2023
  • 5
  • 2022/2023
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Lipid Lowering drugs.
Chylomicron (contains TG, cholesterol, phospholipids, and other molecules).




Exogenous Pathway (dietary) Endogenous pathway (biosynthesis)




Adipose/Muscle:
 VLDL is transported to muscle in the
blood from the liver.
 It loses free fatty acids to become LDL.
Intestine:  By lipoprotein lipase.
 These free fatty acids are stored and used
in the muscle.
 LDL returns to the liver and binds to LDL
receptors.
 To synthesise cholesterol.



HDL:
 Picks up cholesterol from tissues.
 Can deliver this cholesterol to other
lipoproteins that need it e.g IDL
: 
 95% of dietary lipids are triglycerides.
 The rest: cholesterol, free fatty acids and

, phospholipids.
 TG is digested in the duodenum into
monoglycerides and free fatty acids. Cholesterol synthesis:
 By gastric lipase.
 These free fatty acids are absorbed into
the endothelial cell in the intestine.
 They are then packaged into triglycerides
again by the smooth endoplasmic
reticulum.
 Then packaged into chylomicrons by the
Golgi apparatus.
Enterocytes:
 Free fatty acids combine into
triglycerides.  HMG CoA reductase converts HMG CoA
 And packed with cholesterol to form to mevalonic acid.
chylomicrons.  This then is synthesised to cholesterol.
 Chylomicrons: transports TGs and  In the hepatocyte
cholesterol  HMG CoA reductase is what statins work
Adipose/muscle: on
 The chylomicron activates the endothelial
lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Endocytosis of LDL:
 This converts chylomicron to fatty acids  LDL receptors found on hepatocytes.
and glycerol.  LDL will bind to these receptors.
 These are taken up by the tissue for  The membrane will close around it.
energy and storage.  LDL is broken down to release cholesterol
 Cholesterol-rich chylomicron remnants and amino acids.
then circulate back to the liver where
they are cleared.
Summary:
 Dietary lipids absorbed in the small
intestine as free fatty acids and
monoglycerides.
 In the circulation, these are converted to
triglycerides and then into chylomicrons.
 This chylomicron activates LDL which
then causes fatty acids and glycerol to be
taken up by the tissue.
 The left-over contents in the chylomicron
remnant returns to the liver (rich in
cholesterol)


VLDL LDL IDL HDL




 20-30nm  Contains
 30-80nm  Contains apoB- apoA1 and
 Present at low
 Contains apoB- 100. apoA2.
concentrations
100.  Low  7-20nm
.
 Large triglyceride diameter
 TG conc in

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