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Anaemia and Deficiencies - Summary Notes

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A comprehensive, yet concise summary of the Anaemia and Deficiencies topic in Medicine/ Surgery, presented in a colourful and digestible format. Includes all relevant information on the topic summarised, collated from multiple resources including lectures, textbooks, and guidelines. All my notes/ s...

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  • 1 de junio de 2023
  • 4
  • 2022/2023
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Anaemia and
Haematoman
DeficienCIeS
NORMAL BLOOD FILM
Anaemia -

low Hb concentration, depending on personalised range

le.g. age, altitude, pregnancy, etc. I
Can be accompanied by low PCV/Haematocrit.
·




Haematocrit/Packed Cell Volume:
·




proportion of blood occupied by red cells/Erythrocytes (usually 45%).
-




Reticulocyte count is high whenever there is
·




haemolysis (e.g. Hb defects, haemolytic anaemial or
bleeding,
due to increased bone marrow haematopoiesis.

Reticulocyte count is low in all other of anaemia, Neutrophil Platelets RBC
·

causes

as there is defect in haematopoiesis le.g. Iron Deficiency).
pale centre: 1/3 of RBC
If
·




causes ·
=Hypochromic
Hypochromia=IDA, Thalassaemia



Vegan).
-Iron Deficiency: due to diet, malabsorption, chronic blood loss (e.g. via Menorrhagia, Glukers, Haemorrhoids, Cancer,



Erythrocyte Malfunction:due to RBC membrane defect (e.g. via
Hereditary Spherocytosis, Hereditary Elliptocytosis),
-




Hb defect (e.g. via Sickle Cell anaemia, Thalassaemial, Microcytic
RBC Enzyme Defect (e.g. via G6PD deficiency, Pyruvate kinase deficiency).


Deficiency Anaemia: combination of Iron deficiency B12/Folate deficiency.
Normocytic]
-


Mixed and
-


Anaemia of Chronic Disease:e.g. Renal Failure/CKD

e.g. Chronic Inflammation Iron is retained in cells,
inhibiting HD production.
meaning

-




-Bone Marrow Production Pathology:e.g. Aplastic anaemia, Myelodysplasia, Myeloma, Myelofibrosis, Leukaemia.
-


Acute Blood Loss:loss of erythrocytes. reduced erythropoiesis


Folate Deficiency:
-And

·
due to diet,

B12/ Folate is
malabsorption
used to make
(e.g. via Pernicions anaemia, Crohn's Disease, Coeliac
Thymine, making itessential in building DNA.
Disease). Macrocytic
I
Folate is contained in RBCs, excess RBC
Since most deficiency
production in
haemolysis

causes
-




Erythrocyte Destruction: e.g. Haemolysis (Haemolytic Annemia), hypersplenism. Bilirubin released -; aundice.
Hypothyroidism: cause Bone marrow activity, leading to reduced RBC count.
-




I
and Alcohol Consumption:
-




Onset by Infection
maybe congenital
auto immune disease

increases likelihood

of another maybe
Haemolysis
Pernicious Anaemia Macrocytic
Macrocytic:maybe Haemolysis, B12/Folate, Alcho.

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