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Summary endothelial physiology
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An introduction to the role of endothelium in the cardiovascular system
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EndotheliumLecture Notes
📌 5% of protein in endothelium is actin and myosin → allows contraction
(vasocontraction & vasodilation)
Arterioles → several cells thick
Capillaries → 1 cell thick
Function
Vasal tone control
gives the ability to vasodilate and vasoconstrict vessels
→ BP & flow control through lumen size
Selective barrier
transports H2O, lipids, gases and proteins
→ Passive diffusion / Active transport
Hydrophilic substance diffuse
lipophilic compounds can dissolve and get carried actively/passively
pinocytosis (phagocytosis to transport things)
intracellular pores → allows for molecular & fluid transport
Maintenance of fluidity
anti-thrombosis
monitoring shear stress
Angiogenesis
growth of new capillaries
Inflammatory mediators
Platelet adhesion
Endothelium 1
, Thrombo-resistant layer that repels platelet adhesion
when damaged coagulation cascade activated via platelet activation
Produce
EDRF (endothelial derived relaxing factor) = Nitric oxide
major vasocilator
needed for Angiogenesis
Prostacyclin
inhibitor of platelet aggregation
vasodilator (PGI2)
Endothelins
potent vasoconstrictor
structure
family of 4 related short peptides
ET1
found in vascular smooth muscle endothelial cells
main vasoconstricting peptides
acts on ETa receptors in vascular smooth muscle
ET1 receptros can be blocked with BQ-123 or BMS 182874
← not very good clinically
high in hypertensive patients
ET2
found in kidney, intestine, lung and brain
ET3
found in kidney, intestine, lung and brain
ET4
structurally related to sarafoxins (snake venom)
kills you by inducing a heart attack → vasoconstricts vessels so
much there is no flow
Endothelium 2
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