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Summary IGCSE business notes: section 2 people in business

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The following document summarised all section 2: people in Business comprising 4 subunits: motivating employees, organization and management, recruitment, selection and training employees, and internal and external communication. These notes are merely useful for IGCSE business students to help the...

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  • No
  • Section 2
  • 8 de julio de 2023
  • 10
  • 2021/2022
  • Resumen
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Motivation
Why do people work?

better needs/wants
Have a standard of
living by
earning incomes they
can their
satisfy


Having to thatstandard
a secure job maintain or
grow living
Gain and status people to getbetter the
experience allows at job they do

Job satisfaction




Motivation and needs


the
Money is main motivator

Other factors mightinclude:

Social needs:to communicate and workwith others

2 Esteem needs:to feel worthwhile
important,
3 Job satisfaction


Security:knowing
4 thatyou'll notlose
your job




Why motivate workers?

When well-motivated, theybecome their
workers
highly productive and effective in work
·
are



become absentless often


·less leave job
likely to the


increasing the firm's efficiencywhich leads to higher profits
Motivation theories

F.W.
Taylor:based his ideas on the assumption thatworkers were motivated
by personal gains

suggested scientific managementin to down division
a
production organisation, break labour
of



he proposed the piece-rate system, where workers get paid for the number of
outputthey

produce.However, this
theory is not
entirely true since there are various other motivators in the

modern workplace, other than money.

, Organisation&Management
Whatis organisational structure?

levels of managementand division of
responsibilities within an
organisation;can be represented

by an organisational chart.




↳soI
Marketing
Director
Finance
Director I ·inters (or
-




Marketing Finance Production Personal
Managers Supervisors Team Leaders Manager



Sales Accounts Production
Teams Assistants Team Members




Advantages of an organisation chart


All employees are aware ofw hich communication channel is used to reach them with messages

which they
Every individual knows their position in the business in
can who they've
identify

accountable to who theyhave
and
authority over



shows the links and relationship between differentdepartments

Gives everyone a sense of belonging
Chain of command and span control
of




span control:the
of number subordinates
of
working directly
under a
manager

Chain command
of is the structure in an organisation which allows instructions to be passed
down from senior management to lower levels management
of



Advantages of shortchains of command


Communication is
quicker and more accurate


Top managers are less remote from lower employees, so
employees will be more motivated

control will be wider, which to control therefore
spans of means managers have more
people
itwill them to delegate
encourage responsibility.

, Organisation&Management
Management
Staffmanagers:specialists who information assistance to line
provide support, and managers.

Line managers:have direct
responsibilityfor people below them in the hierarchy an
of




organisation
Five roles manager
primary of




Planning:involves setting aims or targets, w ill
it give the departmentand it's
employees
clear and direction.
a sense
purpose
of


2
Organising:Allocating responsibilities to employees, possiblydelegating
3
Coordinating: m eans
"bringing together"managers should ensure thateach
departmentis
coordinating with one another to achieve the organization's aims which will involve effective communication


between departments, managers and decision making.
4
Commanding:managers need to guide, lead and
supervise their employees in the tasks they do


as well as
making sure they're achieving targets.
5
Controlling:managers must
try to measure and evaluate the work of their employees. If


some
employees tail to achieve their target, the manager mustf ind out
why ithas occurred and


what he can do to fix
it.


Delegations
subordinate the to
giving a
authority perform particular tasks


Advantages delegation
of for the manager:

1. Managers cannotd o all the themselves
work by
2. Can measure the success of their staffmore
easily
Advantages of
delegation for the subordinate

1. becomes which
The work more interesting and
rewarding increased job satisfaction

2.
Employees feel more importantand feel trusted which increases loyalty to firm.

3. Can acta s a method of
training and
opportunities for promotions

, Organisation&Management
Leadership
differentapproaches to dealing with people and
making decisions when in a
position of



authority.
The three main
leadership styles are:


Autocratic leadership
2 Democratic leadership
3 Laissez-faire leadership
Autocratic leadership
where the managers expects to be in charge t he
of business, theydo all the decision-making,

not
involving employees at all.


The advantage of this could be quickdecision making however there's no
opportunityfor
employee input into
key decisions

Democratic leadership
where managers involve employees in the decision-making and communication is two-way
from
top to bottom.

Laissez-faire leadership
It's trench "leave to do"this the broad
a
phrase meaning style makes objectives t he
of business

known to
employees and leaves them to do their own
decision-making and organize tasks

Trade unions


who have joined together to their protected
a
group employees
of ensure interests are



Effects employees
of



Strength in numbers when negotiating with employers

Improved conditions of
employmente.g. better pay, holidays, hours work.
of




Improved environment where people worke.g. health and safety
Financial supportifa member thinks he/she has been treated unfairly.
However the disadvantages are:



wages are
likely to be higher

may be asked to take industrial action even
they
if don'tagree with the union

, Recruitment
The role H.R.
of
department
Recruitmentand selection:
attracting and selecting the bestcandidates for job posts
Wages and salaries:setwages that attractand retain employees as well as



motivate them

Industrial relations: there mustb e effective communication between managementand

workforce to discussing ideas
solve complaints as



training programmes:give employees training to increase their
productivity
Health and safety:laws health and conditions
on
safety
Redundancy and dismissal:the managers should dismiss
any unsatisfactory misbehaving
employees they're
it no longer needed by
any business




job analysis, description and specification
from thatthe business employ
Recruitmenti s the
process identifying needs to someone



to
up the
pointwhere applications have arrived atthe business.

When job analysis has to be job analysis identities
a
vacancy arises, a
prepared, a



and the
records tasks and responsibilities relating to the job.

Job Analysis




. M
iii.e
Job specification
·
Qualifications

·

Experience


·Reporting to ·Skills


Working conditions .
Responsibilities
·Job duties ·Emotional

·
Machines characteristics

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