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Bio 156 Lab #7 Quiz ReviewOctober 12, 2018
Protein Synthesis:
DNA – All of your cells have DNA that is located in the nucleus. DNA contains the instructions
to make proteins.
Transcription & Translation in Cells:
Nucleus -The membrane of the nucleus is where the genetic material is stored.
Cytoplasm – This is located outside the nucleus. Many things are stored here including amino
acids (20 in total).
In the nucleus, we can find our genetic material which are packaged up into chromosomes,
forming chromosomes.
Chromosomes – There are 46 total chromosomes. 23 pairs; one from each parent.
If we unpack a particular chromosome, the genetic material is cleverly wrapped around these
proteins called histones.
o Pulling out our histones, our genetic material is wrapped and organized around these
individual histones.
, Our genetic material is called DNA –Deoxyribonucleic acids. If the DNA is unwounded, we can
see that it is double stranded and is made up of nucleotides.
Nucleotides – There are 4 types of nucleotides which make up the DNA.
o What do we do with this DNA? We can replicate it, and we do so in Cell Division called
mitosis.
Genes - Our DNA also contains many genes. The genes are regions in the DNA that do things
for our body.
o E.g. Genes make templates for proteins and enzyme.
RNA – Ribonucleic Acid. In order to make proteins and enzymes for our bodies, first the DNA
has to make RNA. Our body makes RNA through the help of an enzyme called RNA
Polymerase.
RNA Polymerase – Synthesizes RNA using one of the of the DNA strands as a template. This
process of synthesizing RNA from DNA is called Transcription because we are transcribing.
RNA typically has a:
Poly tail – they have many adenosine nucleotides at one end.
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