UCSB EEMB 2 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2023/2024
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UCSB EEMB 2
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UCSB EEMB 2
UCSB EEMB 2 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2023/2024
Evolution - ANSWER-the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Lamarck - ANSWER--invertebrate zoology
-first comprehensive theo...
UCSB EEMB 2 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2023/2024
Evolution - ANSWER-the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Lamarck - ANSWER--invertebrate zoology
-first comprehensive theory of evolution - use/disuse model (giraffes)
-inheritance of acquired characteristics
-importance of environments
Lyell - ANSWER-"Principles of Geology"
-countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to known natural laws
-earth is ancient and develops slowly
Malthus - ANSWER--pop growth will always overtake the food supply
Cuvier - ANSWER-comparative anatomy and extinction
Hardy-Weinberg principle - ANSWER--Allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from gen to gen in the absence of other evolutionary influences
To remain at H-W equilibrium - ANSWER-1. large breeding pop
2. random mating
3. no change in allele freq due to mutation
4. no immigration or emigration
5. no natural selection general equation to calculate individual allele frequencies in a two-allele system (H-W) - ANSWER-freqB =
p = (2N[BB] + N[Bb])/2N
*Bb will never be greater than 50%
Effective population size - ANSWER-size of population that can mate
Extinction vortex - ANSWER-mutual reinforcement occurs among biotic + abiotic processes that drives a population to extinction
Gene flow - ANSWER-transfer of genetic variation from one pop to another
mutational metdown - ANSWER-accumulation of harmful mutations in a small pop --> loss of fitness + decline in pop size
-caused by genetic drift
negative/positive assortative mating - ANSWER-neg: avoid mating with similar individuals pos: opposite ^
balancing selection - ANSWER-multiple alleles are maintained in the gene pool of a population at frequencies higher than expected from genetic drift alone
-could be due to heterozygote advantage, coevolutionary dynamics (other species exhibits a common trait in first species), negative assort mating, spatially (temporally fluctuating selection)
-leads to negative frequency - dependent selection: allele more common decreases fitness
Continuous variation - ANSWER-variation in phenotypic traits that can't be grouped into discrete categories (ex. weight, height, etc)
directional selection - ANSWER-mode of natural selection, extreme phenotype favored over others: causes allele frequency to shift over time
ex. dark moths when smog increases
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