FREUD Psychology Exam Latest Update 2023

FREUD Psychology Exam Latest Update 2023 1. Describe how Freud's three levels of mental life relate to his concept of the provinces of the mind. Answer: A. Freud developed his concept of the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious several years before he formulated the notion of the id, ego, and superego. B. The unconscious is a dynamic aspect of mental life responsible for many of our behaviors. It consists of both repressed experiences and experiences that have never been conscious. Childhood sexual and aggressive experiences are most likely to be repressed and thus enter into the unconscious in a disguised form. C. The preconscious consists of experiences that are less threatening than those of the unconscious. Preconscious ideas can become conscious with varying degrees of difficulty, depending on their potential threat to the ego. D. The conscious mind plays a relatively minor role in Freudian psychology. It refers to those ideas that are in our awareness at any given time. E. The id is the amoral, animal side of human nature and is completely unconscious. The id serves the pleasure principle. F. The ego is the sense of "I" or "me" that children develop at an early age. The ego, which can be unconscious, preconscious, or conscious, serves the reality principle. G. The superego comes into existence after the resolution of the Oedipus complex, and serves both the moral and the idealistic principles. The superego, like the id, is completely unconscious, meaning that its moralistic and idealistic demands are incessant and out of contact with reality. 2. Trace the development of both the male and the female phallic stages and explain why Freud believed that they follow different paths. Answer: A. Freud believed that the male and the female phallic stages take different routes because male and female anatomies are different. B. The male phallic stage begins with the little boy's sexual desire for his mother and hostility for his father—a condition called the male Oedipus complex. Fearing his father's retribution, the boy develops a castration complex, which takes the form of castration anxiety, or a fear of losing his penis. Because castration anxiety is extremely traumatic, the little boy quickly resolves this dilemma by giving up his incestuous feelings for his mother and identifying with his father. His identification with his father leads to him developing a strong male superego—one based on his perception of his father's morals and ideals. C. The female phallic stage begins with the castration complex, which, for little girls, takes the form of penis envy. Holding her mother responsible for her lack of a penis, the girl turns to her father for sexual love and generates hostility for her mother. This condition, called the female Oedipus complex, is more difficult to resolve than the male Oedipus complex because the girl has no traumatic experience (such as castration anxiety) to shatter it. Gradually, the girl sees the futility of her position and turns to her mother for nonsexual love. The girl's identification with her mother leads to the development of the female superego—a superego based on her perception of her mother's morals and ideals. 3. How does Freud's early therapeutic technique relate to recent reports of childhood abuse? Answer: A. Some observers have criticized Freud for abandoning the seduction theory, which placed responsibility for childhood sexual abuse on a parent, usually the father. When Freud substituted the Oedipus complex for the seduction theory, he switched responsibility from the parent to the child. B. Freud's early therapeutic technique was quite active, forceful, and suggestive. He placed his hands on his patients' heads and told them that they would think of something. This procedure usually led to precisely the result that Freud was looking for, namely, the confession of a childhood seduction. C. Freud's highly suggestive technique tended to yield stories of childhood seduction that had been repressed for years. Many current therapists, using somewhat different but equally suggestive procedures, have been able to "recover" patients' long-lost experiences of being sexually or physically abused by an older person, often a parent. - ANSFreud claimed that during the Oedipal period, a boy A. feels sexual love only toward his father. B. feels sexual love only toward his mother. C. may feel sexual love toward each parent. D. is incapable of feeling sexual love toward either parent. - ANS-B or C Which of the following occurs after a successful psychoanalytic treatment? A. Neurotic symptoms are repressed in patients. B. Psychic energy strengthens the superego in patients. C. A patient's positive transference toward the analyst increases. D. A patient's ego is expanded with previously repressed material. E. A patient's ego is incorporated into the superego. - ANS-D Which of the following is the most basic Freudian defense mechanism? A. repression B. reaction formation C. fixation D. projection E. regression - ANS-A Ashley feels uneasy after violating her personal standards of honesty and cheating on a test. Freud might suggest that she is suffering from _____ anxiety. A. aim-inhibited B. realistic C. neurotic D. moral - ANS-D Robin protects herself against the threat of change by constantly clinging to objects and behaviors from her early childhood. It thus appears that Robin is relying primarily on which Freudian defense mechanism? A. reaction formation B. fixation C. projection D. regression E. sublimation - ANS-B Freud's enduring popularity is most likely due to his A. careful experimental analyses. B. gifts as a writer and his emphasis on sex and aggression. C. commonsense model of human development, especially during the infantile stage. D. determination to reverse 19th-century scientific methods. - ANS-B According to Freud, a teenager preoccupied with the self and with personal appearance is exhibiting A. primary narcissism. B. secondary narcissism. C. aim-inhibited love. D. moral masochism. - ANS-B 21. Freud claimed that pleasure-seeking people with no thought of what is reasonable or proper are dominated by the A. id. B. ego. C. superego. D. ego-ideal. - ANS-A According to Sigmund Freud, the aim of the destructive drive is A. self-preservation. B. self-assertion. C. self-destruction. D. self-hatred. - ANS-C Seeing deficiencies in others that one unconsciously feels within oneself is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism? A. reaction formation B. undoing C. projection D. isolation - ANS-C The "royal road" to the unconscious was thought by Freud to be A. the preconscious. B. meditation. C. parapraxes. D. dreams. E. Route 66. - ANS-D Which of the following terms refers to an individual's need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation? Continues...