Ethics in Technology WGU |113 questions and answers.

right of privacy "the right to be left alone -- the most comprehensive of rights, and the right most valued by a free people information privacy The combination of communications privacy (the ability to communicate with others without those communications being monitored by other persons or organizations) and data privacy (the ability to limit access to one's personal data by other individuals and organizations in order to exercise a substantial degree of control over that data and its use). Fourth Amendment The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. United States There is no single, overreaching national data privacy policy for which country? Fair Credit Act act that regualtes operations of credit reporting bureaus Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 protects the rights of financial institution customers to keep their financial records private and free from unjust government investigation GLBA (Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act) established mandatory guidelines for the collection and disclosure of personal financial information by financial institutions. It requires financial institutions to document their data security plans and encourages institutions to implement safeguards against pretexting. The Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act allows consumers to request and obtain a free credit report each year from each of the three consumer credit reporting agencies. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act included strong privacy provisions for EHRs, including banning the sale of health information, promoting the use of audit trails and encryption, and providing rights of access for patients. It also mandated that each individual whose health information has been exposed be notified within 60 days after discovery of a data breach. FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act) provides students and their parents with specific rights regarding the release of student records. COPPA (Children's Online Privacy Protection Act) Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (1998) requires commercial online content providers (websites) to obtain verifiable parental consent of children under the age of 13 before they can collect, archive, use, or resell any personal information pertaining to that child Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act (also known as the Wiretap Act) regulates the interception of wire (telephone) and oral communications. FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) describes procedures for the electronic surveillance and collection of foreign intelligence information between foreign powers and agents of foreign powers. Executive Order 12333 identifies the various government intelligence-gathering agencies and defines what information can be collected, retained, and disseminated by the agencies. It allows for the tangential collection of U.S. citizen data—even when those citizens are not specifically targeted. ECPA (Electronic Communications Privacy Act) deals with the protection of communications while in transit from sender to receiver; the protection of communications held in electronic storage; and the prohibition of devices from recording dialing, routing, addressing, and signaling information without a search warrant. CALEA (Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act) requires the telecommunications industry to build tools into its products that federal investigators can use—after gaining a court order—to eavesdrop on conversations and intercept electronic communications. The USA PATRIOT Act modified 15 existing statutes and gave sweeping new powers both to domestic law enforcement and to international intelligence agencies, including increasing the ability of law enforcement agencies to eavesdrop on telephone communication; intercept email messages; and search medical, financial, and other records. The act also eased restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering in the United States. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments Act of 2004 authorized intelligence gathering on individuals not affiliated with any known terrorist organization (so-called lone wolves). The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008 granted the NSA expanded authority to collect, without court-approved warrants, international communications as they flow through the U.S. telecommunications equipment and facilities. The PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act granted a four-year extension of provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act that allowed roving wiretaps and searches of business records. It also extended authorization intelligence gathering on "lone wolves." USA Freedom Act terminated the bulk collection of telephone metadata by the NSA instead requiring telecommunications carriers to hold the data and respond to NSA queries for data. The act also restored authorization for roving wiretaps and the tracking of lone wolf terrorists. "Fair information practices" is a term for a set of guidelines that govern the collection and use of personal data. Various organizations and countries have developed their own set of such guidelines and call them by different names.