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statistics Question-Bank-part-I-With-Answer
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Question Bank for Statistics Part – 1Chapter # 1: Introduction to Statistics
1. Define statistics.
Ans: It is a branch of science that deals in collection, processing, presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical
data in order to make decision.
2. Define population and sample.
Ans:
Population:
The total number of objects having some common characteristics is called as population.
e.g. (number of cars, number of trees, number of chairs)
Sample:
Any small part of population showing some common characteristics is called as sample.
3. Write down characteristics of statistics.
There are some important characteristics of statistics:
Statistics are aggregate of facts.
Statistics are numerically expressed.
Statistics are collected in a systematic manner.
Statistics are collected with a definite purpose.
4. Define data.
Ans: Data are the individual pieces of factual information recorded and used for the purpose of analysis. It is the raw
information from which statistics are being created.
5. What is primary data?
Ans: The data which has just been collected from the source and has not gone through any kind of statistical treatment
like sorting and tabulation is called as primary data.
Example: The data in the population census reports are primary because these ae collected, compiled and published by
the population census organization.
6. Define secondary data.
Ans: The data which has already been collected by someone, that has undergone a statistical treatment like sorting and
tabulation is called as secondary data.
Example: The data in economic survey of Pakistan is secondary because these are originally collected by the Federal
Bureau of statistics, the State Bank of Pakistan.
7. Sources of Primary data.
Ans: Primary data is collected by the following sources:
i. Direct personal observation.
ii. Registration.
iii. Investigation through enumerators.
iv. Information through mailed questionnaire.
, v. Through local correspondents.
vi. Through telephone.
8. Sources of secondary data.
Ans: Secondary data is collected by the following sources:
i. Through government organizations.
ii. Through semi-government organizations.
iii. Through teaching and research organizations.
iv. Through newspapers.
v. Through internet.
9. Describe any two uses of statistics.
Ans: the following are the uses of statistics:
i. It helps in collection of data.
ii. It is used for presentation of data.
iii. It helps in processing of data.
iv. It is used for comparison of data.
10. Define variable.
Ans: A measureable quantity which varies from one individual or object to another is called variable. For example:
Weight, height, time etc.
11. What is constant?
Ans: The value which remains the same from person to person is called as constant. For example, value of pi.
12. How many types of variable?
Ans: There are two types of variables:
1- Quantitative variable 2- Qualitative variable
Quantitative variable: The variables which can be expressed numerically with or without units are known as
quantitative variables. For example: Time, Heights, weights, etc.
Qualitative variable: The variable which can be expressed in the form of qualities like: eye color, hair color, IQ level etc.
13. Define discrete variable.
Ans: The variable which can be countable is called discrete variable. For example, number of cars, number of chairs in
the classroom, number of houses in the street etc.
14. Define continuous variable.
Ans: A measureable variable is known as continuous variable. for example, height, weight, length etc.
15. Define inferential statistics.
Ans: The phase of statistics that is concerned with the procedures and methodology for obtaining valid conclusions is
called inferential statistics.
, 16. Define descriptive statistics.
Ans: descriptive statistics deals with collection of data, its presentation in various forms, such as tables, graphs,
diagrams, averages and other measures which would describe the data. For example, businessmen make use of
descriptive statistics in presenting their annual reports.
, Chapter # 2: Presentation of data
1. What do you meant by the term ‘classification’?
Ans: The process of arranging data into classes or categories according to some common characteristics present in the
data is called classification.
Examples:
1- Sorting of letters in a post office, the letters are classified according to the cities
2- The students of the college are classified according to their hair color.
3- The students of the university are classified according to their heights.
2. Write down the types of classification.
Ans: The data may be classified according to one, two or many characteristics:
i. One-way Classification: When the data is classified by one characteristic, it is called one way classification.
ii. Two-way classification: When the data is classified by two characteristics, it is called two-way classification.
iii. Many-ways classification: When the data is classified by many characteristics, it is called many-way classification.
3. How many forms of classification?
Ans: There are four main forms of classification:
i. Quantitative Classification.
ii. Qualitative Classification.
iii. Geographical Classification.
iv. Chronological or temporal Classification.
Quantitative Classification: When the data is classified by quantitative characteristics, it is called quantitative
classification. For example, weight, height, income, etc.
Qualitative Classification: When the data is classified by qualitative characteristics, it is called qualitative classification.
For example, sex, religion, color, intelligence, etc.
Geographical Classification: When the data is classified by geographical regions or locations, it is called geographical or
spatial classification. For example, provinces, divisions, districts, cities, etc.
Chronological Classification: When the data is classified according to its time of occurrence, it is called chronological or
temporal classification. For example, years, months, weeks, days, etc.
4. Define tabulation.
Ans: The process of arranging data into rows and columns is called tabulation.
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