‘Structures of Arguments’ - Lecture Notes Reading and Writing Philosophy ()
11 vistas 0 veces vendidas
Grado
Reading and Writing Philosophy (158000208)
Institución
SOAS , University Of London (SOAS)
Dive into the essentials of crafting strong arguments ,within philosophy and everyday life, with our concise guide, perfect for anyone looking to sharpen their debate and reasoning skills. These notes break down complex philosophical concepts into easy-to-understand parts, from the basics of argume...
Understanding the Structure and Types of
Arguments
When we talk about arguments in the context of critical thinking and philosophy, it's key to
understand that an argument is more than a heated discussion or disagreement. In this
framework, an argument comprises two critical components:
1. Primary Claim (Conclusion): The central proposition that the argument seeks to
establish. It is the main point or idea that the argument wants to convey. The
persuasiveness of an argument primarily hinges on the strength and validity of this
claim.
2. Supporting Claims (Premises): These are the statements, facts, or assumptions that
help build the primary claim. They provide the reasoning and evidence that
substantiate the conclusion. The quality of an argument is often judged by the
robustness and validity of its premises. Good premises lead to a defensible
conclusion, which makes the argument stronger.
The Role of Deduction and Syllogisms in
Arguments
Aristotle, the renowned Greek philosopher, contributed significantly to the study of logic and
arguments. His work largely revolves around the concept of deduction, a form of reasoning
where the conclusion necessarily follows from the given premises.
Aristotle introduced the idea of a syllogism, a specific type of deductive argument that
consists of three parts: two premises and a conclusion. Syllogisms are foundational to formal
logic and argumentation theory.
There are two main types of syllogisms:
1. Categorical Syllogism: This form of syllogism uses categorical propositions, which
are statements about the relationship between categories of things. For example:
o Premise 1 (P1): All humans are mortal (a statement about the category
"humans").
o Premise 2 (P2): Socrates is a human (a statement about the individual
"Socrates").
o Conclusion (C): Therefore, Socrates is mortal (a necessary conclusion based
on the two premises).
2. Hypothetical Syllogism: This form of syllogism uses hypothetical propositions,
which are often "if...then" statements. For example:
o P1: If P, then Q (a hypothetical statement connecting P and Q).
o P2: If Q, then R (another hypothetical statement, this time connecting Q and
R).
o C: Therefore, if P, then R (a logical conclusion that connects P and R directly).
Los beneficios de comprar resúmenes en Stuvia estan en línea:
Garantiza la calidad de los comentarios
Compradores de Stuvia evaluaron más de 700.000 resúmenes. Así estas seguro que compras los mejores documentos!
Compra fácil y rápido
Puedes pagar rápidamente y en una vez con iDeal, tarjeta de crédito o con tu crédito de Stuvia. Sin tener que hacerte miembro.
Enfócate en lo más importante
Tus compañeros escriben los resúmenes. Por eso tienes la seguridad que tienes un resumen actual y confiable.
Así llegas a la conclusión rapidamente!
Preguntas frecuentes
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
100% de satisfacción garantizada: ¿Cómo funciona?
Nuestra garantía de satisfacción le asegura que siempre encontrará un documento de estudio a tu medida. Tu rellenas un formulario y nuestro equipo de atención al cliente se encarga del resto.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller mariitagamii. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for 6,20 €. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
