Notas de lectura
Apuntes History, science and profession
- Institución
- Universidad Complutense De Madrid (UCM)
Apuntes de todas las clases y diapositivas
[Mostrar más]Vista previa 2 fuera de 7 páginas
Vista previa 2 fuera de 7 páginas
Añadir al carritoVendedor
Seguir
Vista previa del contenido
Chapter 1: IntroductionWhat is psychology and how do we study it?
Methods to study: Most scientific
1. LABORATORY STUDIES:
1.1 A theory produces hypothesis
1.2 Hypothesis are proven under controlled conditions to reduce bias
1.3 Results must be replicable and should be applied widespread
2. FIELD EXPERIMENTS:
2.1 A theory produces hypothesis
2.2 Hypothesis are proven in natural environments, with less control
2.3. Not that replicable nor widespread
3. CORRELATIONAL MODELS:
3.1 They evaluate the relationship between variables.
3.2. It is just an analysis method
4. BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS:
4.1 Behaviour of interest must be well described in advance.
4.2. Observation methods must be reliable and representative
4.3. Approaching single cases (n=1) or group behaviour.
5. SELF-REPORTS AND QUESTIONNAIRES:
5.1. Data from self-knowledge or introspection
5.2. Reliability relies on methodological design and representative sampling.
Least scientific
, What’s on our Mind? Perception
Sensorial interpretation
Limited by our senses:
• Vision: limited wavelength perception
• Audition: limited acoustic spectrum
Signal detection theory
The activation of our receptors must be distinguishable from noise to start processing (how much of the
noise you can tune out in order to focus on the signal)
Perception results not only from sense activation but from the combination of senses & decision processes:
• Response Bias: to find targets and avoid false alarms.
• Habituation: ability to ignore irrelevant or repetitive stimuli.
• Sensitisation: heightened awareness/responsiveness to a stimulus or class of stimuli for a period of time
Perceptive grouping
Allow us to perceive patterns in what we perceive: Gestalt principles
• Proximity: when objects are placed together, the eye perceives them as a group
• Similarity: When objects look similar to one another, the eye perceives them as a group or pattern
• Continuance: The eye is compelled to move from one object through another
• Closure: When an object is incomplete or not completely enclosed
• Figure & Group: When the eye differentiates an object from its surrounding area
Attention
• It's a limited process suffering from many interferences.
• Perception is influenced by:
- Internal processes: motivation, cognition and emotion
- External processes: social context
• 2 types of attentional processing:
- Bottom-up (stimuli guided)
- Top-down (conceptually guided)
Los beneficios de comprar resúmenes en Stuvia estan en línea:
Garantiza la calidad de los comentarios
Compradores de Stuvia evaluaron más de 700.000 resúmenes. Así estas seguro que compras los mejores documentos!
Compra fácil y rápido
Puedes pagar rápidamente y en una vez con iDeal, tarjeta de crédito o con tu crédito de Stuvia. Sin tener que hacerte miembro.
Enfócate en lo más importante
Tus compañeros escriben los resúmenes. Por eso tienes la seguridad que tienes un resumen actual y confiable. Así llegas a la conclusión rapidamente!
Preguntas frecuentes
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
100% de satisfacción garantizada: ¿Cómo funciona?
Nuestra garantía de satisfacción le asegura que siempre encontrará un documento de estudio a tu medida. Tu rellenas un formulario y nuestro equipo de atención al cliente se encarga del resto.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lenapcid. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for 7,46 €. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
45,681 summaries were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now