Test Bank for Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications, 14th Edition by Ricki Lewis

1 Chap 01 14e 1) Genetics is the study of A) inherited traits. B) how organisms reproduce. C) how life originated. D) how the environment causes disease. 2) In which choice are the entries listed from smallest to largest? A) DNA building block - gene - chromosome - genome B) DNA building block - RNA building block - protein C) Gene - cell - DNA - genome D) Chromosome - genome - cell - DNA building block 3) The complete genetic material of an organism is its A) genome. B) chromosome. C) phenotype. D) genotype. 4) The number of sets of our genome in most of our cells is _________. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 5) An estimated_________ DNA base pairs comprise the human genome. A) 32,000 B) 320,000 C) 3.2 million D) 3.2 billion ����������������������������������������������������� 2 6) The field of_________ addresses concerns arising from the use of new genetic technologies, including tests, treatments, privacy, and discrimination. A) metaethics B) bioethics C) biotechnology D) genetics 7) Variants of a gene are called A) genotypes. B) phenotypes. C) alleles. D) single nucleotide polymorphisms. 8) Humans have _________ pairs of chromosomes. A) 23 B) 38 C) 46 D) 32 9) A change in a gene's DNA sequence is a A) genotype. B) nucleotide. C) mutation. D) genome. 10) In general, RNA molecules A) comprise the chromosomes. B) serve as messengers to allow the information in DNA to be used to construct proteins. C) entwine with DNA molecules to encode proteins. D) form double helices that encode DNA sequences. 3 11) A genotype refers to A) the alleles present in an individual. B) expression patterns of certain genes. C) the environmental components of a trait. D) the number of chromosomes that a person has. 12) A chart that displays paired chromosomes in order of size is a A) phenotype. B) genotype. C) karyotype. D) genome. 13) A human cell has A) 22 pairs of sex chromosomes and one pair of autosomes. B) 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. C) 23 pairs of autosomes. D) 23 pairs of autosomes and a pair of Y chromosomes. 14) The Y chromosome A) forms the somatic cells. B) is a sex chromosome. C) contains discontinuous DNA sequence. D) is present in all humans. 15) Polydactyly is considered a Mendelian trait because A) it is caused by linked genes. B) it is caused by a single gene. C) it is caused due to environmental factors. D) it affects the stem cells. 4 16) Which of the following traits is considered Mendelian? A) A trait which is caused by linked genes B) A trait which is caused by a single gene C) A trait which is caused by environmental factors D) A trait which is multifactorial 17) One way to study the human genome is to A) determine the twisting patterns of the two sides of the double helix. B) determine the sequence of sugars and phosphates. C) determine the DNA sequence. D) conduct a phenotype-wide association study. 18) During transcription, the sequence of one strand of a DNA molecule is copied into a related molecule, known as a A) gene. B) messenger RNA. C) protein. D) genome. 19) A human body has about _________ cells. A) 3.2 billion B) 20,600 C) 30 trillion D) 10 to 100 million 20) Cells differentiate by A) expressing different subsets of genes. B) expressing the entire genome, then silencing some genes. C) activating all of the DNA that encodes protein. D) becoming stem cells.