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Summary Grade 10_Agricultural Sciences Summaries
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  • Grado
  • Agricultural Sciences
  • Institución
  • 10th Grade

Get ready to pass your Grade 10 Agricultural Sciences exam with our comprehensive Note Set. This colorful and visually appealing study guide is filled with all the important notes you need for exam preparation and quick revision. The well-organized content will help you grasp key concepts and under...

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  • 19 de abril de 2024
  • 69
  • 2023/2024
  • Resumen

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  • grade 10 agricultural sciences summaries

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  • 10th Grade
  • Agricultural Sciences
  • 200
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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

, AGRO (AGRICULTURE)- ECOLOGY
Ecosystem
CLIMATIC FACTORS
Sunlight: Intensity and duration per day,
CONCEPTS affecting plant and animal life
[ECOLOGY → branch of sciences that studies the interaction of organisms → High light intensity = ↑ photosynthesis &
growth.
with other organisms and their environment]
→ Photoperiodism > length : daylight [long day =
→ Ecologist > Person who studies these relationships and interactions > 12 hours; short-day = <12 hours ; neutral = no
NON-LIVING influence]
LEVELS > STUDY OF THE ECOLOGY: PHYSIOGRAPHIC FACTORS → Phototropism = plants grow away (negative) /
SPECIES → INDIVIDUALS > specific species that breed with EACH • Slope: Measures the steepness of the to (positive) light
OTHER = the same characteristics land, which affects vegetation due to Temperature: How hot or cold the air is [heat
→ MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES CANNOT BREED WITH runoff [slope on sun-side = ↗ = ↑ degree in region]
EACH OTHER!! runoff = ↑ temp. = drier = ↓ plant → Sessile organisms [plants]: body temp. not
→ Individuals = members of species (separately) = lowest growth] > flat land, gentle slope & steep adapting = production ↓, growth points
level slope damage, yields ↓ [bulbous plants = geophytes =
• Aspect (latitude): The direction in root development, water uptake + growth rate]
POPULATION → group of organisms of the same species that are found
which the slope points (N, S, E, W) > → Homothermic organisms: body-temp. maintain
in a specific area at a specific time and must be able to relative to the sun [near equator = ↑ constant [metabolite activity > mammals,
breed in that area temp. & humidity + dense forests; far horses etc.]
→ [Population growth & factors affecting population from equator = dry, cold = tundra → Poikilothermal organisms: [reptiles] = gene
growth or decline] biome] maintaining temp. > varies with environment >
COMMUNITY → all the populations of organisms that interact in a • Altitude location: The altitude above sea impact : dust exchange, growth rate, and
particular area level that affects temperature due to yields
rainfall, solar radiation, wind + shade >
→ [2 OR MORE POPULATIONS] Rainfall: Precipitation, average annual rainfall
Thinner atmosphere at higher altitudes and wind.
ECOSYSTEM → communities' interaction with the non-living things in = temp. ↓
their environment → Hydrophilic : a lot of water needed
EDAPHIC FACTORS [soil] [permanently]
→ [Community + Habitat] • Soil types: Size of soil particles, water → Hygrophytic : loves high humidity [air
BIOMES → Natural ecological area > different regions of ecosystems and air content, colour, depth, type, saturated with moisture]
(climate) > composition (soil) + structure of vegetation and amount of minerals. → Mesophilic : enough rain and moisture
(landform) = determine flora & fauna • Soil texture: Sandy (granular and loose) required [wet + dry] - not tolerate excessive
→ 9 biomes > functional parts = ecosystems vs. Clay (tough and dense). rain
• Soil depth: From a few inches to more → Xerophilic : little water required and can
BIOSPHERE → combine all the ecosystems (biomes) on Earth =
than two meters deep [roots penetrate] survive in dry conditions.
biosphere form : earth's crust → lower layers • Groundwater: Water holding capacity,
→ EARTH'S SURFACE THAT SUSTAINS LIFE [soil, atmosphere, sandy soils drain quickly and have poor Wind [high → low pressure] : oxygen in air for
water] water holding capacity + availability photosynthesis / wind removes moisture
Wind direction and strength affect an
• Soil Fertility: Fertile soil contains a lot
ecosystem
of nutrients [availability] and supports
2 © Noted Summaries [Grade 10 Agricultural Sciences] plant growth Hot winds = ↑ temp. & cold wind = ↓ temp.
www.notedsummaries.co.za

, Ecosystem energy flow
1. The sun (non-living) is the main source of energy in an
ecosystem
2. Plants (living) turn solar energy into chemical energy, in the
LIVING form of carbohydrates
• Primary consumers: Plants and algae that use energy from the sun for growth. 3. animals eat the plants and absorb the energy
• Secondary consumers: Animals that eat primary consumers. 4. Energy is transferred from one living thing to the next
• Tertiary consumers: Animals that eat secondary consumers.

[PRODUCER → organism that produces its own food] (1) FOOD CHAINS
• Algae → rootless plant-like organisms growing in water (producer in the ocean)
[FOOD CHAIN → Flow of energy when one
• [Microscopic algae = plankton] organism feeds on another]
[CONSUMER → organism that eats other organisms (derived from plants)] → way to show direction of ENERGY FLOW from one
Z Herbivores: organism that only eats plants trophic level to the next
→ order of organisms in which each one "eats" the one
Oceanic herbivores > eat plankton before him in the chain and is eaten by the one who
Land-herbivores > plant material (leaves, wood, nectar etc.) comes to him
** ALWAYS STARTS WITH A PRODUCER AND ENDS WITH A
Z Omnivore: animal that eats plants and animals [e.g. baboon, warthog & human] CONSUMER/DECOMPOSER
Z Carnivore: animal that eats animals
o Predator: animal that hunts its food (leopard)
o Scavengers: animal that eats dead animals (hyenas, vultures)
o Insectivore: Insect eating animals (anteaters, moles)


DECOMPOSERS
= breaks down waste products and bodies of
(2) FOOD WEBS
dead organisms > decomposition [FOOD WEB → food chains that are
= bacteria & fungi interconnected]
= releases energy that has accumulated in
the bodies of the dead organisms
= accurate representation of how energy
= SAPROTROPHE = dead organic substance
flows into ecosystems



GROWERS [PLANTS]
CONSUMERS = "AUTOTROPY" > self-nourishing >
= can't make own food make own food [chlorophyll]
= eat others to gain energy
= "heterotroph" > feeding on others

3 © Noted Summaries [Grade 10 Agricultural Sciences] www.notedsummaries.co.za

, (3) FOOD PYRAMIDS NUTRIENT CYCLES
[[FOOD PYRAMIDS/ECOLOGICAL
PYRAMIDS→ diagram representing
the different numbers of
organisms/amount of biomass at
each trophic level]




NUMBER PYRAMIDS ENERGY - PYRAMIDS
→ size of population at each BIOMASS - PYRAMIDS → Shows energy loss at every
level → Biomass = mass of living level
plant & animal material → relative amount of energy
[grams of dry mass / m2] available at each trophic
level

Water cycle
→ Water in the sea or river is in the liquid phase.
→ Evaporation and sublimation change water to gas phase or water
vapor.
→ Condensation occurs when vapor rises and cools in the atmosphere,
forming droplets.
→ Precipitation > droplets merge to form clouds, which fall to the
ground as rain, snow or hail.
ADJUSTMENTS → sun heats the earth = surface water and groundwater evaporates >
air rises
WHAT ARE ADAPTATIONS IN THE ECOSYSTEM? → Plants take up groundwater, which evaporates from leaves and rises
characteristics in an organism's body structure, function, or behaviour into the air, forming clouds.
→ The water cycle includes clouds, rainfall, ocean currents and winds.
that make it adapt to its environment help it survive → "nature
→ Water, powered by the sun, travels through the atmosphere, land
selected" > possesses suitable characteristics - survive in changing masses, oceans, and back again.
conditions in an environment → The water evaporates from freshwater sources and oceans, forms
vapours in the atmosphere and falls back as precipitation.
→ The transpiration [excess water release] of plants also contributes
to the water cycle.
4 © Noted Summaries [Grade 10 Agricultural Sciences] www.notedsummaries.co.za

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