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Summary IBDP HL Biology - 2.2 Water Notes 4,93 €
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Summary IBDP HL Biology - 2.2 Water Notes

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Providing a comprehensive summary of subsection 2.2 Water unit of the IBDP Biology course. Suitable for both HL and SL. All points of the syllabus covered.

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  • 27 de mayo de 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Water
08
_




Molecular structure
I \
- H2O Hst Hst
- held by covalent bond ,

↳ Hz share electrons w/ oxygen
7


Hydrogen bonds

-
02 atom in water = 8- ( slightly negative )
↳ has 8 protons in nucleus = attracts more electrons

↳ more electronegative

-

Hz = 8-1 ( slightly positive )

↳ has 1 proton = electrons being attracted

since ◦
pp .
Charges
_
bonds attract
= can form hydrogen



-
weak interactions bet . H2O molecules


↳ responsible for H2O properties ( cohesion & adhesion )

-
forms bet .
Oz atom and Hz atom on a DIFFERENT molecule
-

Hz bonds = transitory

↳ Can form break and re -
form constantly
,




Polarity
-
covalent bonds bet .
H and O atoms have a


slight potential charge

Polar molecule
=



-
Charged regions can attract other polar / charged compounds

, Properties of water


cohesion - the force by which individual molecules stick together

↳ H2O = strongly cohesive




each H2O molecule bonded
Explanation tetrahedral
4 others in
/
to
arrangement
-
due to polarity and Hz bonds

-
although Hz bonds are weak
,
↑ no . Of bonds = ↑ strength of cohesive

forces
responsible for 1-120 forming a

spherical shape

↳ minimises area : volume
Importance to organisms

-
allows for ↑ Surface tension

↳ liquids can resist low tuts .
Of ext . force

↳ smaller organisms can move along surface

-
transpiration stream : H2O can travel in a continuous column


↳ upper parts of plant can receive H2O


adhesion -
ability to stick to other polar / Charged molecules




Explanation
-
due to polarity and Hz bonds

↳ ↑ no . of bonds = ↑ adhesive forces strength
- water sticks to other polar / Charged molecules



>
Importance to organisms

-
responsible for capillary action


↳ movement of H2O molecules ( and the substances dissolved in it) in


opposition of gravitational forces -




↳ H2O transported up stems via transpiration streams

-
xylem transport

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