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Class notes and revision guide for chapter 5 privacy in media ethics
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PRIVACYIs this an invasion of privacy or not? Does the public have the right to know or not?
Depends on how much it impacts us.
ISSUES TO CONSIDER
➔ Mediated voyeurism
The need for people to peek into other people’s lives. Kate and her cancer. The media acts as
facilitator that allows people to do so. A window. Willingly or unwillingly.
Is it an info that will benefit the public? Or media acts as a facilitator for voyeurism.
➔ Pretex>ng
Using a celebrity without his consent for an ad; we and salah. trap him to get info. Publishing his
saying without consent.
➔ Entrapment
➔ The public’s right to know
➔ People decided to abandon their privacy for the greater good
It’s for the person to decided.
THE NEED FOR PRIVACY
➔ To develop a sense of self know who we are. explore ourselves away from being judged.
Is u knew you are constantly being watched you will be have constricted. Understand
ourselves be=er.
➔ To shield against state’s power anything we say will be recorded. They have unlimited
power over you. As the state gains more informa@on about its ci@zens, it is increasingly easy
to influence, manipulate or control each one.
➔ To act and speak freely if she’s there I wouldn’t be able to act freely as opposite if she
weren’t there?
Privacy is not a luxury or even a gift ofa benevolent gov- ernment. It is a necessary component
of a democracy.
INVASION OF PRIVACY
Intrusion upon a person’s seclusion or solitudes, such as invading one’s home or personal
papers to get a story.
Not just their homes, my phone – email – computer- office - siKng alone studying.
Break in and take informaMon and picture obvious invasion of privacy.
Not just physical space emoMonal state MESH 3AMEL 7ESBO ENO HYTSWAR.
Public disclosure of embarrassing private facts, such as revealing someone’s notorious past
when it has no bearings on his present status.
The professor is very poor or used to be alcoholic.
As long as it has no consequences on his performance at this moment, it is an invasion of
privacy.
Is it a fact that affects who he is right now or is it just a juicy gossip?
,Misappropria>on of a person's name or likeness for personal advantage, such as using
Hollywood megastar Julia Roberts's image to sell a product without her permission.
Mohamed salah’s ad with we
WHAT IS PRIVATE
Pregnancy: You are going to need to take a break, so you have to let your employer know.
Illness: Is it affec=ng how are you going to do your job. Reveal it to those who are going to be
affected by it.
Contact info: ZAMAN IT WAS LISTED PUBLICLY. Now def not. The concept of privacy as a whole
has changed.
Privacy of public figures: Who are public figures? Tricky. President. Rules couldn’t be applied to
2 public figures. Which category they fall under determines how we will deal with their privacy.
PRIVACY AND SECRECY
How much I make is private but not secret. Dark past secret. Medical history privacy.
Secrecy is blocking informaEon intenEonally to prevent others from learning, possessing,
using or revealing it. secrecy ensures informaEon is kept from any public view. OTen carries a
nega=ve connota=on. It is neither morally good or bad.
Privacy is concerned with determining who will obtain access to the informaEon. Privacy does
not require that informaEon never reach public view, but rather who has control over that
informaEon which becomes public. Me controlling the informaMon and who I will share it with
it.
Privacy and secrecy can overlap but are not identical. "Privacy need not hide; and secrecy hides
far more than what is private.
PRIVACY AS AN ETHICAL CONSTRUCT
• Privacy is an ethical construct before it became a legal one.
• privacy is a "natural right" that we possess by being human.
• Privacy is considered a need, a way of protecting oneself against the actions of other people
and institutions. It is directly related ti having control over the degree of access you allow to
others.
• It is about the degree of control over a specific information. Who access it and who doesn’t.
Individual should be allowed to control who may have certain sorts of information and,
sometimes, the context within which that information is presented.
• The community and the individual need to learn when to share, when to withhold and when
to avert our eyes ( means when we see someone having private moment you have to look the
other way not stare look away). It has become extremely difficult. When to avert our eyes:
someone is having a private moment look away and take a step back.
• Concentric circles of intimacy: self, intimates, close friends, acquaintances, strangers. Your
privacy is your control over that circles
, Privacy is the ability to control one's own "circles of intimacy."
The concept of circles of intimacy was used to develop a working concept of privacy
for journalists and other professionals.
CONCENTRIC CIRCLES OF INTIMACY
➔ SELF: the innermost circle… keeping it to myself…
You are alone with your secrets, fantasies, hopes, reconstructed memories and the rest of the
unique psychological "furniture" we bring to our lives.
➔ YOU AND ONE OTHER: In=mates… You and a spouse, sibling, parent, roommate, loved
one...
You can have several you +1 circles simultaneously in life.
In that circle, you share your private informa=on, and for that rela=onship to work well, it needs
to be reciprocal based on tmst.
➔ YOU AND CLOSE FRIENDS: family, friends, confidants – lawyer…
The basis of rela=onships is s=ll one of trust, but control over the informa=on gets trickier.
Outside that circle, the matter is no longer private…
What you reveal about yourself becomes progressively more public and less intimate, and you
lose progressively more control over information about you.
➔ YOU AND CASUAL ACQUAINTANCES
➔ STRANGERS.
People you include in those circles might change form one situa=on to the other.
My privacy is the informa=on I move around in those circles.
Using this model, privacy can be considered control over who has access to your various circles
of intimacy, Invasion of privacy occurs when your control over your own circles of intimacy is
wrestled from you by people or institutions. Rape victims who unwillingly see their names in
print or their pictures broadcast fre- quently speak of the loss of control they felt during the
experience as being similar to the loss of control during the rape itself… Journalists sometimes
invade circles of intimacy either accidentally or pur- posefully.
When to reveal private information?
Discre>on: IntuiEve ability to discern what is and what is not intrusive and injurious.
DifferenMate what we share publicly and what we shouldn’t about a person.
DiscreEon demands moral reasoning to determine whether the public needs, or merely wants,
the informa=on. Am I feeding the voyeur or the ci=zen
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