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Summary organic chemistry most common questions AS Level CIE

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Unit 14 - An introduction to organic chemistry (9701)

Institución
CIE

Summary of all reactions and mechanisms and conditions of organic chemistry. displayed in a simple way following the CIE mark scheme. isomers and type of isomerism, bromine test, types of hybridisation. nmr spectroscopy color changes of solutions for organic tests summary of some reactions an...

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Subido en 21 de julio de 2024
Número de páginas 4
Escrito en 2023/2024
Tipo Resumen

nmr spectroscopy
isormerism
isomers
optical isomer
stereoisomerism
polymer
polymerisation
monomer
geometric isomerism
reaction
mechanism
addition polymerisation
condensati
introduction to organic chem

Nivel de Estudio
A/AS Level
Editores
CIE
Tema
Chemistry
Curso
Unit 14 - An introduction to organic chemistry (9701)

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MOST COMMON ORGANIC QUESTIONS:

1. Test for double bond / alkene
 Bromine water
 Turn from brown to colourless in case of carbon double bonds (alkenes)
 Type of reaction: electrophilic addition

2. Define stereoisomerism
 Molecules with same structural formula
 Same molecular formula
 Different arrangements of atoms in space

3. Explain why X is the major product of the reaction while only small
amounts of Y is produced
 N carbocation has the least number of H atoms bonded to it, it is more stable
 Due to positive inductive effect
 There are more electron donating methyl groups
 Reducing charge density on C+

4. Types of reactions
 Tollens Reagent: oxidation / reduction
 2,4 DNPH: condensation
 Ketone with NaBH4: reduction / addition
 Aldehyde and HCN: addition
 ALKENE + steam: addition
 Alkene reactions are either electrophilic addition or redox, kmno4 reagent used
are redox and the rest of the alkene are electrophilic addition.
 Halogenoalkane reactions are all nucleophilic substitution except to alkene
which is elimination reaction

5. Structural isomers
 Same molecular formula but different structural formula/bond arrangement
(types- chain, positional, functional group isomerism)

6. How does an sp2 and sp3 hybridization occurs and their bond angles in
carbon atoms:
 Sp2: overlap of 2 s with 2 p atomic orbitals: 116-124
 Sp3: overlap of 2 s with all three 2 p atomic orbitals: 106-112

7. Identify the yellow pptx formed when adding alkaline aqueous iodine to a
carbonyl containing organic compound
 CHI3 - tri iodomethane

8. Explain the meaning of the term optical isomers
 Chiral centre attache to 4 different atoms or group of atom
 Non super imposable mirror image

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