HESI PHARMACOLOGY EXIT EXAMS
2023-2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPILATION TESTBANK QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES | A+
A healthcare provider prescribes 10 mL of a 10% solution
of calcium gluconate for a client with a severely depressed
serum calcium level. The client also is receiving digoxin
0.25 mg daily and an intravenous (IV) solution of D 5W.
What feature of calcium gluconate does the nurse
consider?
Can be added to any IV solution
Must be administered via an intravenous piggyback
Is nonirritating to surrounding tissues
Potentiates the action of the digoxin preparation Correct
Answer Potentiates the action of the digoxin preparation
Toxicity can result because the action of calcium ions
is similar to that of digoxin. Calcium gluconate cannot
be added to a solution containing carbonate or
phosphate because a dangerous precipitation will
occur. Calcium gluconate can be added to the IV
,solution the client is receiving. If calcium infiltrates,
sloughing of tissue will result.
A client expresses a desire to postpone her first
pregnancy for at least 5 years. She smokes 1.5 packs of
cigarettes a day, has never been pregnant, and does not
want to use a barrier method. Which method does the
nurse anticipate the primary healthcare provider will
recommend?
Medroxyprogesterone is a long-acting progestin-only
contraceptive that is less likely to cause
cardiovascular problems in women who smoke than
contraceptives containing estrogen might. Vaginal
rings, combined oral contraceptive pills, and the birth
control patch all contain estrogen and are not
recommended for women who smoke.
What medication does the nurse expect to administer to
actively reverse the overdose sedative effects of
benzodiazepines?
,Lithium
Flumazenil
Methadone
Chlorpromazine Correct Answer Flumazenil
Flumazenil is the drug of choice in the management of
overdose when a benzodiazepine is the only agent
ingested by a client not at risk for seizure activity.
Flumazenil medication competitively inhibits activity
at benzodiazepine recognition sites on gamma-
aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine receptor
complexes. Lithium is used in the treatment of mood
disorders. Methadone is used for narcotic addiction
withdrawal. Chlorpromazine is contraindicated in the
presence of central nervous system depressants.
After an infant undergoes surgery for the repair of a
myelomeningocele, diarrhea and metabolic acidosis
develop, accompanied by decreased urine output. In light
of the infant's status, what prescription does the nurse
anticipate?
Isotonic saline
, Sodium lactate
Serum albumin
Potassium chloride Correct Answer Sodium lactate
Sodium lactate is converted to sodium bicarbonate; it
helps correct the sodium deficiency and the metabolic
acidosis. Normal saline solution results in the
combination of the chloride with the hydrogen ion,
intensifying the acidosis. Albumin is a colloid found in
blood plasma; it is not used in the treatment of
metabolic acidosis. Potassium is not administered
until urine function has been restored.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total
parenteral nutrition (TPN).The nurse should monitor the
client for which complications?
Phlebitis
Infection
Hepatitis
Anorexia
Dysrhythmias Correct Answer Phlebitis
Infection
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