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Exam (elaborations) Developmental Psych Developmental Psychology exam questions with correct answers
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Developmental Psychology -Psychology Exam
Practice questions with solutions
Why is developmental psychology important - Helps us understand normal development
So we can understand how we might work with someone of a particular developmental
stage
So we can understand when things go wrong with development
What is developmental psychology about - Science of human development seeks to
understand how and why people - all kinds of people, everywhere - change and remain
the same over time
What is developmental psychology about - What kinds of development are we
interested in - 1. Physical (including neural)
2. Cognitive (including intellectual)
3. Social (including emotional)
What are big issues in developmental psychology - developmental issues and methods
- 1. Nature and nurture
2. Sensitive and critical periods
3. Stability and change
4. Continuity and discontinuity
5. Normative vs non-normative events
What is nature versus nurture - Nature - Influence of inherited features on development.
based on the assumption that children are genetically pre-programmed
Nurture - The influence of the environment and nurturing. Based on the assumption that
characteristics are acquired and can be shaped through experiences
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory (What are they all) - Microsystem - The
most immediate surroundings (e.g., family, friends, teachers)
Mesosystem - Reflects relations between microsystems (e.g., the connection between
home and the workplace)
, Exosystem - Comprises social settings that affect the individual without them playing an
active role (e.g., workplace policies)
Macrosystem - Operates at the outer level of the ecology (e.g., laws, cultural values)
Chronosystem - Represents changes that occur over time
What is the critical periods of development concept - The critical period concept
suggests that the brain is set to acquire a function during a limited period of time. If key
experiences do not occur during a critical period, the function may not develop or may
not be fully developed.
What are continuous changes - A gradual alteration of behaviour
What are discontinuous changes - Stages of growth that are qualitatively different and
that are usually ordered in a fixed sequence
What are the differences in developmental trajectories - Quantitative differences - E.g.,
individuals with a developmental delay or intellectual disability usually go through same
stages of development, but at a slower pace
Qualitative differences - E.g., individuals with autism spectrum disorders develop social
and emotional skills quite differently than their typically-developing peers
What do sequential designs examine - Different age groups at multiple time points
What are the periods of development - 1. Prenatal - Conception to birth
2. Infancy and toddlerhood - Birth to 2 years
3. Early childhood - 2 to 6 years
4. Middle childhood - 6 to 11 years
5. Adolescence - 11 to 18 years
What are the physical developments from birth to 12 months - 1. Fetal posture (new
born)
2. Holds chin up (1 month)
3. Holds chest up (2 months)
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