BACK ANATOMY final exam with correct
answerBACK ANATOMY final exam with correct
answerBACK ANATOMY final exam with correct
answerBACK ANATOMY final exam with correct
answerBACK ANATOMY final exam with correct
answer
Accessory process: - CORRECT ANSWERS-on posterior surface of the base of the
transverse processes and provides attachment for the intertransversarii muscles
Ala: - CORRECT ANSWERS-represents the fused transverse processes of sacral
vertebrae
Alar ligaments: - CORRECT ANSWERS-extend superolaterally from each side of dens
to lateral margin of FM. Check ligaments, prevent excessive rotation of the joints
Anterior and posterior sacral foramina: - CORRECT ANSWERS-exit for the anterior and
posterior rami of spinal nerves
Anterior atlanto-axial membrane: - CORRECT ANSWERS-extends from anterior arches
of Atlas to anterior arches of Axis. Merges with anterior longitudinal ligament in the
center
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane: - CORRECT ANSWERS-extends from anterior
arches of Atlas to anterior margin of FM. Merges with anterior longitudinal ligament in
the center
Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL): - CORRECT ANSWERS-strong, broad fibrous
band covering and connecting the anterolateral aspects of vertebral bodies and IV
disks. Extends from anterior aspect of FM to pelvic surface of sacrum. Limits extension
(only ligament that limits extension)
Apex: - CORRECT ANSWERS-inferior end that articulates with coccyx
Articular processes: - CORRECT ANSWERS-project from the junction of pedicles and
laminae. Each bears an articular surface (or facet)
Atlanto-occipital joint: - CORRECT ANSWERS-synovial joint, with thin, loose capsule
between superior articular facets of the Atlas and the condyles of the occipital bone.
Flexion & extension (e.g. nodding). Anatomical equivalent of zygapophysial joint
atlas vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWERS-
, Back comprises of: - CORRECT ANSWERS-posterior aspect of the trunk, between
neck and buttocks
Back muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS-Support and move the vertebral column
Divided into extrinsic and intrinsic back muscles
Base of sacrum: - CORRECT ANSWERS-superior surface of S1 vertebra
C2 - CORRECT ANSWERS-
C3 - C7 (typical vertebrae) - CORRECT ANSWERS--Body
-Transverse process
-Transverse foramina: vertebral artery goes through C3 - C6, but no C7
-Anterior tubercle: muscle attachment
-Posterior tubercle: muscle attachment
-Pedicles
-Lamina
-Superior articulate facet: more transverse plane to allow more articulation, gliding
movement
-Inferior articulate facet: more transverse plane to allow more articulation, gliding
movement
-Vertebral foramen: triangular and large, contains large portion of spinal cord
-Uncus of body: raised lateral margins of the superior surface of cervical vertebrae C3 -
C7
-Spinous process: bifurcated in whites, but not as common in blacks or females. C7
(vertebra prominens): defines the inferior limit of the neck posteriorly.
Cause of spina bifida: - CORRECT ANSWERS-folic acid deficiency
Characteristics of C1 - CORRECT ANSWERS--Carries the cranium
-No body
-Anterior arch
-Anterior tubercle
-Articular facet for dens: on posterior surface of the anterior arch
-Lateral masses: bear the weight of cranium
-Transverse process: project laterally, and are relatively flat
-Transverse foramen: passage for vertebral arteries and accompanying veins
-Superior articular facet: articulates with occipital condyle
-2 Inferior articular facet: articulates with axis (C2)
-Tubercle for transverse ligament of Atlas: the ligament helps to hold the dens of C2 in
place
-Posterior arch
-Posterior tubercle
--Groove for vertebral artery: allows passage for vertebral artery into cranium
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