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ANSC 4395-Animal Breeding & Genetics Test 1 Exam Q’s and A’s
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ANSC 4395-Animal Breeding &Genetics Test 1 Exam Q’s and A’s
Animal Breeding - -scientific field that uses the principles of genetics to aid
in the improvement of livestock
-Purebred breeders have attempted to improve their livestock since at least
the... - -1700s
-Many of our current breeds have their roots in Great Britain and continental
Europe, dating back to the... - -18th & 19th centuries
-Robert Bakewell - -"Father of Animal Breeding"
-What type of animals did Robert Bakewell work with? - -Longhorn cattle,
Shire horses, and Leicester sheep
-What else did Robert Bakewell do? - --Sought out individuals that would
strengthen his herd
-Leased out males to neighbors to identify animals that produced superior
offspring
-Mated 'best' to 'best' with little regard to ancestry
-One of the first organized breeds of livestock (1580) ? - -Shorthorns
-When did Shorthorn breeders begin keeping records? - -1750
-During the mid 19th century, who studied genetics of the garden pea? - -
Gregor Mendel
-Gregor Mendel also... - --Established basic genetic principles that are still
accepted today
-Results of his experiments were published in an obscure scientific journal
and were not widely known until the early 20th century
-Population Genetics - -Branch of genetics which deals with the factors that
affect the genetic structure of populations
-Dr. Sewell Wright - --Pioneer of the population genetics field
-Did his research with the USDA and later at the University of Chicago
-Sir Ronald Fisher - --Pioneer of the population genetics field
-Worked at the Rothamstead Experiment Station in Great Britain
, -Dr. Wright & Dr. Fisher's running debates and arguments fueled the rapid
development of the field in what year(s)? - -1920s & 1930s
-Dr. Jay Lush - -"Father of Modern Animal Breeding"
-Dr. Lush worked at... - -Iowa State University in the 1920s and extended
the work of Wright & Fisher to design programs for farm animals
-Dr. Lush also... - --Established a formal theoretical framework to the
science of animal breeding
-Established principles of selection, the use of inbreeding to conserve genes
of some individuals, & crossbreeding systems to take advantage of hybrid
vigor
-During the last 40-50 years... - -The use of computers has greatly
enhanced the potential for genetic change.
EX: Breed associations have extensive databases that allow comparisons of
all individuals within a breed
-A.I. & E.T. have allowed for... - -Faster progeny testing and selection has
become much more efficient
-The Future... - --Cloning
-Genetically engineered compounds
-Gene therapy
-Gene splicing
-DNA transfer (may make their way into livestock improvement plans)
-The primary goal of animal breeders is to... - -Identify animals with
desirable genes and increase the frequency of those genes
-What is the best animal? - -No one has the answer, everyone likely has an
opinion though.
EX: Lab-show winner
Cattle-cutability/% muscle or quality grade
Dairy Cattle-most milk or best udder
-How do you breed an animal so offspring will be the best or better than the
parents? - -The answer involves genetic principles and animal breeding
technologies
-"Systems Approach" definition - -More objective means of determining the
best animal
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