Leadership (NUR 444) Exam 3 Questions
and Answers
"To Err is Human" Findings (MP) - Ans:-results of several studies, when extrapolated to the 33.6
million admissions in 1997 imply that 44,000-98,000 Americans die each year as a result of medical
errors
- Deaths due to medical errors exceeded t...
What is a Just Culture? (MP) - Ans:✔✔-A Just and Fair Culture is one that learns and improves by openly
identifying and examining its own weaknesses; it is transparent in that those within it are as willing to
expose weaknesses as they are to expose areas of excellence.
In a Just Culture, employees feel safe and protected when voicing concerns about safety and have the
freedom to discuss their own actions, or the actions of others in the environment, with regard to an
actual or potential adverse event.
Human error is not viewed as the cause of an adverse event, but rather a symptom of deeper trouble in
an imperfect system.
Leaders therefore do not rush to judge and punish employees involved in medical errors, but seek first to
examine the care delivery system as a whole in order to find hidden failures and vulnerabilities.
Performance and Process Improvement Approaches (MP) - Ans:✔✔-- Retrospective Audits
- Quality Assurance
- Reengineering and System Redesign
- Rapid-Cycle Improvement (PDSA)
- Six Sigma: DMAIC Methodology
- LEAN: focus on reducing waste (non-value added steps)
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