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Summary Ventilation of mammals A level Biology
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Year 1 Biology AQA A level notes. Achieved an A* in my final exam using these notes. They are based on the mark scheme requirements.
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Ventilation of mammals summary notes17 January 2022 10:22
Structure of the lungs
- Inside the body because air is not dense enough to support and protect delicate struct
- Body would lose lots of water and dry out
Structures:
Lungs
- Pair of lobed structures made up of branched tubules called bronchioles which end in
Trachea
- Flexible airway supported by rings of cartilage
- Cartilage prevents trachea from collapsing as air pressure falls during inspiration
- Walls made up of muscle lined with ciliated epithelium and goblet cells - secrete mucu
Bronchi
- Two divisions of the trachea each leading into one lung
- Produce mucus to trap dirt particles and have cilia that move dirt laden mucus toward
Bronchioles
- Branching subdivisions of the bronchi
- Walls made of muscle lined with epithelial cells
- Muscle allows them to constrict to control flow of air in and out of alveoli
Alveoli
- Small air sacs- diameter between 100 and 300 um
- Collagen and elastic fibres between alveoli
- Lined with epithelium
- Elastic fibres allow alveoli to stretch as they fill with air when breathing in
- Spring back during breathing out to expel carbon dioxide
- Alveolar membrane is gas exchange surface
Ventilation
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