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OCR A Level History AY316/01Britain and Ireland 1791–1921 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024
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OCR A Level History AY316/01Britain and Ireland 1791–1921 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024

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  • 10 de noviembre de 2024
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Thursday 23 May 2024 – Morning
A Level History A
Y316/01 Britain and Ireland 1791–1921
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes




Turn over

, 2

SECTION A

Read the two passages and answer Question 1.


1 Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages.

Explain which you think is more convincing as an explanation of the attitude of the Liberal
government to Home Rule in the years from 1908 to 1912. [30]


Passage A

The Liberal Party since 1900 had remained committed in principle to Home Rule for Ireland, despite
some sections of the party regarding it as an irritating distraction. What the party leaders wanted was
a more practical and less ideological approach to the issue, especially as they realised that Home
Rule was impossible while the House of Lords retained its traditional powers. But it was crystal clear
to the Liberal government that half-measures would not suffice – nothing less than Home Rule would
be acceptable. It has been argued by many historians that Asquith’s introduction of the Home Rule Bill
in 1912 was due to pressure from the Irish Nationalists and their reliance on Irish votes in the House
of Commons to maintain the government in power. However, Liberal policy was, on the contrary,
the logical consequence of a long-standing commitment to Ireland. Liberal leaders since the days of
Gladstone’s last ministry had consistently supported Irish Home Rule in principle. Augustine Birrell,
the Irish Secretary, had told Redmond, the Irish Nationalist leader, in 1909 that Home Rule was the
‘live policy of the Party without limitation or restriction’. The Liberal government was not dependent
on Irish votes. Only an overwhelming belief by the Liberal Party that, for the sake of honour and
conviction, it must attempt to secure Home Rule for Ireland, can explain why over the next two years it
was prepared to endure the storms and stresses of another and greater Home Rule Crisis.

Paul Adelman and Robert Pearce, Great Britain and the Irish Question, published in 2005.


Passage B

The priority for the Liberal Party was not the issue of Ireland; the priority for the Liberal government
was social reform and how to deal with an obstructionist House of Lords. Ireland was not a burning
issue for the electorate. For the Liberals, the best policy was a gradualist approach. Liberal legislation
for Britain and Ireland in this period was focused on social issues, as well as budget proposals which
would, in Lloyd George’s words, hit the rich.

Following the rejection of the 1909 Liberal budget, Asquith called a General Election. He made
promises to Irish nationalists in the election campaign, but this was nothing more than a tactic used to
maximise the support of the Irish in England. Even this was not enough to protect the Liberal majority.
As a result, the initiative was back with the Irish Party and fellow nationalists who now controlled the
balance of power in Parliament. From 1911, Irish nationalists were motivated by seeing that the most
significant obstacle to the passage of Irish Home Rule had been removed. The leader of the Irish
Party, John Redmond, also had a personal influence with the Liberal government. Therefore, by 1911,
it seemed as if the Irish nationalists were in a position to call the shots. Consequently, it could be said
that the Irish nationalists, not the Liberals, were leading the policies of the Liberal government on
Ireland in 1912.

Martin Collier, Britain and Ireland, 1867–1922, published in 2008.

, 3

SECTION B

Answer any two questions.


2* ‘Opponents of the Union achieved their goals only when they used constitutional nationalism.’

How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1791 to 1921? [25]


3* ‘The Catholic Emancipation Act (1829) did more to preserve the Union than any other reform.’

How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1791 to 1921? [25]


4* ‘Regional differences were the main economic influence on Irish nationalism in the period from
1791 to 1921.’

How far do you agree? [25]




END OF QUESTION PAPER

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