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OCR A Level History AY310/01 The Development of the Nation State: France 1498–1610 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024

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OCR A Level History AY310/01 The Development of the Nation State: France 1498–1610 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024

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  • 10 de noviembre de 2024
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Thursday 23 May 2024 – Morning
A Level History A
Y310/01 The Development of the Nation State: France 1498–1610
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes




Turn over

, 2

SECTION A

Read the two passages and answer Question 1.


1 Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages.

Explain which you think is more convincing as an explanation of Henry IV’s achievements. [30]

Passage A

With the benefit of hindsight, we may conclude that the reappearance of civil strife in the decades
after Henry’s death was predictable. During his reign, Henry had not sufficiently reformed the state
as to remove the potential for violent resistance to the crown. He had not broken the aristocracy,
merely bought off its more troublesome leaders. In the Edict of Nantes, the religious question had
been addressed, but not solved. Likewise, the government and administration of the realm had been
overhauled, but not radically reconstructed. The powers of the parlements remained untrimmed, and
provincial estates were still able to defy royal instructions. Thus the possibility of rebellion remained
and would continue to do so until absolutist rule could be established in full. However, he had neither
the opportunity nor the resources to impose absolutist monarchy in full. His achievement could only
be a more modest one; to renew rather than reform. There is thus little in the work of either Henry IV
or Sully to suggest a major redirection of policy. Impetus was given instead to rebuilding the authority
of the crown along the traditional lines of French monarchy. It may well be that by breathing new life
into already‑existing institutions, Henry revitalised government and made it capable of meeting the
challenges of the seventeenth century. His contribution should be seen in narrow terms: restoring to
the crown what had been lost in the civil wars.

M. Rady, France: Renaissance, Religion and Recovery 1494–1610, published in 1988.


Passage B

Henry IV, the first Bourbon king, takes his place in French history as the monarch who halted the
decline which France had experienced since 1562. In the process, he showed great concern for the
welfare of his subjects and restored political and social order to the kingdom. Above all else, he put
the monarchy on a firm footing economically and enhanced the authority of the crown, paving the
way for the absolutism of Louis XIII and Louis XIV. There is little doubt that Henry achieved a great
deal in a short period of time, although his reputation was heightened by the fact that he became a
royal martyr at the hands of Ravaillac and through the vastly inflated picture of him offered in Sully’s
memoirs written in 1611.

Unquestionably, the finest achievement of Henry’s short reign was the restoration of royal finances.
Thanks in large part to Sully, there was a budgetary surplus by the end of Henry’s reign. A shift
towards indirect taxation, an elimination of past debts and innovative reforms limiting corruption, all
contributed to a steady financial base.

There can be little doubt that Henry did much to raise the prestige and status of the monarchy and he
should be praised for the way he appeased the League nobles in the 1590s and unified the country
in a war against Spain in 1595. Moreover, both the Edict of Nantes and the Peace of Vervins came
at the right time and Henry skilfully played a middle line between Huguenot toleration and Catholic
desires for unity which brought a sustained period of peace. Few unified aristocratic revolts occurred
during Henry’s reign.

A. Armstrong, The development of the Nation State: France 1498–1610, published in 2009.



© OCR 2024 Y310/01 Jun24

, 3

SECTION B

Answer any two questions.


2* ‘The authority of the French monarchy was at its lowest point during the reign of Henry III.’

How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1498 to 1610? [25]


3* To what extent did religion contribute to the stability of France in the period from 1498 to 1610?
[25]


4* ‘The Habsburg‑Valois wars (1498–1559) had a greater impact on French stability and unification
than the Wars of Religion (1562–1598).’

How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1498 to 1610? [25]




END OF QUESTION PAPER

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