Test Bank For
The Dental Hygienist's Guide to Nutritional Care, 6th Edition 2025 Lisa F. Mallonee &
Linda Boyd & Cynthia A. Stegeman
Chapter 1-21
Chapter 01: Overview of Healthy Eating Habits
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Each is true regarding designations for professionals in the field of nutrition, except one.
Which is the exception?
a. A nutritionist usually works in a public health setting.
b. A registered dietitian (RD) must pass a national registration examination.
c. An RD who works in public health can call herself a registered dietitian nutritionist
(RDN).
d. A dietetic technician, registered (DTR) works under supervision of a registered
nurse.
ANS: D
A dietetic technician, registered (DTR) normally works under the supervision of a
registered dietitian. Like the registered dietitian, the DTR must pass a national registration
examination and receive continuing education. Although the DTR can complete a 4-year
curriculum, there also is a 2-year option. Regarding the distinction between the registered
dietitian and the nutritionist, all registered dietitians are nutritionists, but not all
nutritionists are registered dietitians.
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
2. Nutrition is the process by which living things use food to obtain nutrients for energy,
growth and development. Energy is the measure of heat equivalent to 1000 cal needed to
do work.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true; the second is false.
d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
ANS: C
The first statement is true; the second is false. The process by which living things use food
to obtain nutrients for energy is nutrition. Energy is the ability or power to do work,
whereas a kilocalorie (kcal) is a measure of heat equivalent to 1000 cal. The second
statement confuses energy with the definition of a kilocalorie.
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 2 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
,3. Increase in consumption of which of the following has the greatest effect on an increase in
body weight?
a. Carbohydrate intake
b. Protein intake
c. Fat intake
d. Kilocalorie intake
ANS: D
There is little evidence that any individual calorie food group (carbohydrate, protein, and
fat) has a unique effect on body weight. Kilocalories are the key factor to controlling body
weight—not the proportions of fat, carbohydrates, and protein, but balancing caloric intake
with energy expenditure.
DIF: Recall REF: pp. 8-9 OBJ: 6
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
4. Each is true regarding weight maintenance, except one. Which is the exception?
a. 1600 to 2400 kcal are recommended for adult women.
b. 2000 to 3000 kcal are recommended for adult men.
c. Kilocalories from alcohol do not count because they are expended rapidly.
d. A patient needing 2000 kcal/day should limit saturated fat intake to 20 g or less.
ANS: C
Like energy-producing nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats), kilocalories from
alcohol must be balanced with energy expenditure. In short, kilocalories from alcohol
contribute to weight gain in the same manner as any other substance consumed.
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 14 OBJ: 7
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
5. Dietary guidelines recommend lowering caloric requirements for older adults because
metabolic rate increases with age.
a. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
b. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
d. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
e. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
ANS: C
The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. Metabolic rate decreases, not
increases, with age. For this reason, the caloric requirements are lowered. Failure to lower
the caloric intake without an accompanying increase in expenditure of energy will result in
weight gain. For older individuals, this can be very serious because joint and cardiac
function can be further stressed.
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
6. A kilocalorie is the heat equivalent of how many calories?
a. 10
b. 100
c. 1000
, d. 10000
ANS: C
1000 cal are equivalent to 1 kilocalorie (kcal).
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
7. Each nutrient provides energy, except one. Which is the exception?
a. Proteins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Fats
d. Vitamins
e. Alcohol
ANS: D
Vitamins do not provide energy, nor do minerals. Although proteins, carbohydrates, fats,
and alcohol provide energy, the body cannot use energy from the energy-containing
components of food without adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
8. Increasing the variety of foods often causes nutrient excesses and toxicities. A dietary
change to eliminate or increase intake of one specific food or nutrient usually alters the
intake of other nutrients.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true; the second is false.
d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
ANS: D
The first statement is false; the second is true. Increasing the variety of foods is
recommended to reduce the probability of developing isolated nutrient deficiencies,
nutrient excesses, and toxicities resulting from nonnutritive components or contaminants
in any particular food. For example, because red meats are an excellent source of iron and
zinc, decreasing cholesterol intake by limiting these meats can reduce dietary iron and zinc
intake.
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
9. Precursors are substances from which an active substance is formed. Nonessential
nutrients cannot be synthesized from other substances.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true; the second is false.
d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
ANS: C
, The first statement is true; the second is false. Nonessential nutrients can be used by the
body; they either are not required or can be synthesized from dietary precursors. Carotene
is a precursor to vitamin A. It is found in fruits and vegetables and is converted to an
active form of vitamin A by the liver.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
10. Which nutrient is the most important?
a. Protein
b. Carbohydrate
c. Minerals
d. Water
ANS: D
Water is the most important nutrient. After water, nutrients in highest priority are those
that provide energy, which must be provided from foods or can be supplied from quantities
stored in the body.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
11. The human body has adaptive mechanisms that tolerate modest ranges in nutrient intakes.
The metabolic rate usually increases to compensate for decreased caloric intake.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true; the second is false.
d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
ANS: C
The first statement is true; the second is false. The human body adapts to tolerate a modest
range of nutrient intake. However, the metabolic rate usually decreases to compensate for
decreased caloric intake. This is an adaptive mechanism that ―saves‖ energy for future
needs in situations of decreased nutritional intake.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, 3.0 Biochemistry and Nutrition
12. Healthy People 2020, issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, has
influenced a remarkable reduction in childhood obesity. Since the programs’s initiation,
the number of children participating in annual dental visits has increased.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true; the second is false.
d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
ANS: B
Both statements are false. A midcourse progress report for Healthy People 2020 indicates
little to no detectable change in rates of childhood obesity. The number of children who
had an annual dental visit actually declined, since the instigation of the program.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 4 OBJ: 3
