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Summary AP English Literature: Basics of Poetry
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Learn the basics of poetry. Have a set of practice questions with reasoning to the answer.
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AP English LiteratureBasics of Poetry
Meter: The beat of poetry
It is used as an emotional stimulus and may heighten the reader’s attention to what the poem is saying. Mood,
atmosphere, etc.
Rhyme: Where two words have the same sound on their last accented vowel(s).
Rhyme is used as rhyme scheme which the rhyming occurs in the poem. Like, a a b b or a b a.
VERSE has both meter and rhyme
BLANK VERSE has meter but no rhyme
FREE VERSE has only the natural cadence of speech
Poetry Figurative Language
Simile- Two essentially unlike things are compared with the use of “like” or “as” is used. (ex: Float like a butterfly,
sting like a bee)
Metaphor- the direct comparison of two unlike objects. (ex: All the world’s a stage)
Personification- Giving human qualities to nonhuman objects, concepts, or animals. (ex: into the jaws of death)
Antithesis- Opposing or contrasting ideas are balanced against each other and used for effect. (ex: Art is long;
time is fleeting)
Apostrophe- An address to some abstract quality or quantity or to a nonexistent personage (ex: The sky is
changed! - and such a change! Oh night,)
Literary Allusion- referring to other people, places, or things from other literature metaphorically. (ex: Achilles
heel)
Hyperbole- Exaggeration that is used with the intent of literal persuasion but emphasis. (ex: I put my foot in my
mouth)
Understatement- Saying less than is true. (ex: A man who holds his hand for half an hour in a lighted fire will
experience a sensation of excessive and disagreeable warmth.)
Irony- A statement that means the opposite of what it appears to mean. (ex: On a stormy day-Nice day, huh?)
Paradox and Oxymoron- A statement containing two seemingly contradictory terms. (ex: The longest way round
is the shortest way home)
Synecdoche- A trope or a metaphor in which a part signifies the whole or the whole stands for the part. (ex: Give
us this day our daily bread)
Metonymy- Characterized not the naming of the object itself, but by a substitution of another word for the
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