AP BIOLOGY INSTRUCTORS SOLUTION MANUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED

AP BIOLOGY INSTRUCTORS SOLUTION MANUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED Table of Contents – Part 1 1 | The Study of Life................................................................................................................ 1 Review Questions.................................................................................................................................................. 1 Critical Thinking Questions.................................................................................................................................... 4 Test Prep for AP® Courses..................................................................................................................................... 6 2 | The Chemical Foundation of Life........................................................................................ 9 Review Questions.................................................................................................................................................. 9 Critical Thinking Questions.................................................................................................................................. 14 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................... 18 Science Practice Challenge Questions.................................................................................................................. 20 3 | Biological Macromolecules .............................................................................................. 25 Review Questions................................................................................................................................................ 25 Critical Thinking Questions.................................................................................................................................. 34 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................... 41 Science Practice Challenge Questions.................................................................................................................. 48 4 | Cell Structure................................................................................................................... 58 Review Questions................................................................................................................................................ 58 Critical Thinking Questions.................................................................................................................................. 65 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................... 71 Science Practice Challenge Questions.................................................................................................................. 76 5 | Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes................................................................. 85 Review Questions................................................................................................................................................ 86 Critical Thinking Questions.................................................................................................................................. 89 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................... 95 ii Table of Contents – Part 1 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 100 Table of Contents – Part 1 iii 6 | Metabolism ....................................................................................................................105 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 105 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 114 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 121 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 125 7 | Cellular Respiration ........................................................................................................136 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 136 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 143 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 149 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 155 8 | Photosynthesis ...............................................................................................................163 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 163 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 169 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 173 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 179 9 | Cell Communication........................................................................................................186 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 186 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 191 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 197 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 201 10 | Cell Reproduction .........................................................................................................208 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 208 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 213 iv Table of Contents – Part 1 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 218 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 225 11 | Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction..................................................................................229 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 229 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 232 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 237 Science Practice Challenge Questions ......................................................................................................................... 12 | Mendel's Experiments and Heredity .............................................................................240 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 240 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 246 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 249 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 254 13| Modern Understandings of Inheritance..........................................................................265 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 265 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 268 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 270 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 275 14 | DNA Structure and Function..........................................................................................280 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 280 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 291 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 303 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 312 15 | Genes and Proteins.......................................................................................................320 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 320 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 326 Table of Contents – Part 1 v Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 332 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 336 16 | Gene Regulation ...........................................................................................................346 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 346 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 352 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 359 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 367 17 | Biotechnology and Genomics........................................................................................369 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 369 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 376 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 381 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 384 18 | Evolution and Origin of Species.....................................................................................389 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 389 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 395 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 404 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 423 19 | The Evolution of Populations ........................................................................................434 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 434 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 438 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 444 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 452 20 | Evolutionary Relationships of Life on Earth ...................................................................459 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 459 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 466 vi Table of Contents – Part 1 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 469 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 479 21 | Viruses..........................................................................................................................486 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 486 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 493 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 498 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 504 22 | Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea ...............................................................................510 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 510 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 520 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 531 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 542 23 | Plant Form and Physiology............................................................................................553 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 553 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 570 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 582 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 590 24 | The Animal Body: Basic Form and Function...................................................................602 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 602 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 607 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 612 25 | Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System...................................................................623 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 623 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 631 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 639 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 650 Table of Contents – Part 1 vii 26 | The Nervous System .....................................................................................................652 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 652 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 654 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 657 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 668 27 | Sensory Systems...........................................................................................................680 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 680 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 688 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 696 28 | The Endocrine System...................................................................................................701 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 701 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 710 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 717 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 725 29 | The Musculoskeletal System .........................................................................................731 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 731 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 738 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 743 30 | The Respiratory System ................................................................................................748 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 748 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 753 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 758 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 764 31 | The Circulatory System .................................................................................................766 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 766 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 776 viii Table of Contents – Part 1 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 780 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 785 32 | Osmotic Regulation and Excretion ................................................................................791 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 791 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 798 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 807 33 | The Immune System .....................................................................................................823 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 823 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 831 Test Prep for AP® Courses................................................................................................................................. 838 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 848 34 | Animal Reproduction and Development .......................................................................852 Review Questions.............................................................................................................................................. 852 Critical Thinking Questions................................................................................................................................ 861 Test Prep for AP ® Courses ................................................................................................................................ 869 Science Practice Challenge Questions................................................................................................................ 878