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NSG 6001 Study Guide for Final Exam / NSG6001 Study Guide for Final Exam (Latest, 2020): South University

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NSG 6001 Study Guide for Final Exam / NSG6001 Study Guide for Final Exam (Latest, 2020): South University

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NSG 6001 Study Guide for Final Exam

, NSG 6001 Study Guide for Final Exam

Abdominal aortic aneurysm


1. Know the causes of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. P493


The proposed causes of AAA include atherosclerosis, inflammation, mycotic infection,

inheritable connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome),

and trauma. Traditionally, atherosclerosis has been considered the most common cause of AAA.

However, aneurysm formation is associated with atherosclerosis in only 25% of cases.


2. Understand risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm. P494


Development of AAA: Atherosclerotic vascular disease, white race, male gender, advanced age,

HTN, smoking, COPD, history of hernias, family history of AAA, and presence of other

aneurysms. Hypercholesterolemia


AAA expansion: Advanced age, Severe cardiac disease, Previous stroke, Tobacco use, Cardiac

or renal transplant.


AAA rupture: Female gender, Low FEV1, Larger initial AAA diameter, Higher mean blood

pressure, Current tobacco use, Cardiac or renal transplant, Critical wall stress–wall strength

relationship


AAA is an important clinical diagnosis because it is associated with considerable risk of

rupture and death as the aneurysm enlarges to a diameter of more than 5.0cm (1.96

inches).

, Evidence suggests that the high prevalence of AAA in patients with COPD may be related to

medications (oral steroids) and coexisting diseases rather than to a common pathway of

pathogenesis involving plasma elastase or α1-antitrypsin deficiency


AAA and elevated homocysteine plasma levels.


AAA represent 75% of aortic aneurysms


3. Know the symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.


AAA may cause symptoms as a result of the pressure on surrounding structures, about 75% are

asymptomatic at initial diagnosis.


Symptoms:


Symptomatic aneurysms increase in number after the age of 70years.


In thin patients, a supine abdominal examination may readily show a pulsatile abdominal mass,


Inflammatory AAAs may be manifested with chronic abdominal pain or back pain and,

sometimes, ureteral obstruction


Microembolic infarcts in the lower extremity of a patient with easily palpable pedal pulses may

suggest either abdominal or popliteal aneurysm. Embolization of mural thrombus from an

abdominal aneurysm may be seen with acute limb ischemia caused by femoral or popliteal

occlusion.


Symptom and sign of a ruptured AAA

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