Samenvatting van alle belangrijkste delen van Sexology!
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Sexology
Institución
Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Book
UNDERSTANDING HUMAN SEXUALITY
Ik heb een samenvatting gemaakt van de belangrijkste onderdelen van sexology die behandeld worden in de colleges en het boek. Ik maak gebruik van kleuren om zo een goede structuur te geven. De samenvatting is in het Engels geschreven omdat het tentamen ook in het Engels zal zijn. Het is een hele go...
VERY EXTENSIVE & ELABORATE SUMMARY (Ch. 1 - 10) - UNDERSTANDING HUMAN SEXUALITY - SEXOLOGY
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Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Psychologie
Sexology
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Frederique99
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SEXOLOGY
LEIDEN UNIVERSITY
2020-2021
, Hoorcollege 1 – What is sexology
What is sexology?
- Sexual health is the ability to sexually adapt and self-manage in the face of life’s
physical, psychological and social challenges.
- Sex doesn’t have something to do with gender.
- Sexology is the scientific interdisciplinary study of sexuality.
Bio-psycho-social model of sexuality
Sexual theories:
- Evolutionary theories: Evolution, Natural selection, parental investment
- Psychological theories: psycho-analytic, learning theories, social exchange theory and
cognitive theories.
- Critical theories: feminists’ theory. Gender as status and inequality, queer theory.
- Sociological theories: sexual script theory.
Libido = the subjective experience of physical need for sex.
The evolution of the study of sexology:
1. Freud: human behavior is motivated by libido (sex drive) and Thanatos (death).
o Pre-genital stages: oral, anal and phallic/oedipal stages (1-6 jaar)
o Latency stages (6-12 jaar)
o Genital stages (12 <)
2. Block: Sexualwissenschaft.
3. John Money: studied the development of gender identity in children. How your
parents behave influences if you show more or less male or female traits. Experiment
with boy twins.
4. Alfred Kinsey: founder of institute for sex research. Had marriage students that didn’t
know a lot about sexuality.
5. Masters and Johnson – psychophysiological studies. Measured the sexual responding.
Developed therapy for sexual problems.
Sensate therapy: Using behavioral exercises to restore the natural sexual response
Non-genital touching
Touching with genitals
Coitus position and movement
6. Helen singer Kaplan: She missed the Sexual desire phase. Integration of psycho-
dynamic orientation with behavioral therapy.
7. Susan Brownmiller: study on rape.
8. Shere Hite: penetration is not the best way for women to reach orgasm
9. David Buss (evolution theory): Differences between men (short term strategy) and
women (long term strategy).
10. Gagnon and Simon: Sexual scripting theory: sexual behavior is generated by scripts.
1
, Hoorcollege 2 Sexual dysfunctions in men
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- They don’t feel like having sex. Persistently or recurrently deficient sexual fantasies
and desire for sexual activity.
- Prevalence: 0-6% (18-24), 41% (66-74)
- Treatment: testosterone supplements, sex counselling, combination
- Sex counselling: Change lifestyle, lose weight and exercise. Break the pattern of
avoidance behavior. Sensate focus – couple exercises: Focus on sexual responses and
erogenous zones. Cognitive restructuring. Couple therapy: communication exercises
Erectile disorder
- Marked difficulty in obtaining an erection during sexual activity, maintaining an
erection and marked decrease in rigidity
- Prevalence: 13%-21% (40-80 years), 2% younger than 40years
- Risk factors:
o Biological, medical and lifestyle: Trauma, pelvic surgery, neurological
diseases, hormonal diseases, alcohol, age, cardiovascular diseases,
hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, side effects of medication.
o Psychological factors: Temporary normal episode related to a period of stress,
psychopathology, negative cognitive schema’s, fear of failure.
- Attentional bias: the attention focuses on the task and not on the sexual cognitions.
- Confirmation bias: this attention increases pressure to perform and decreases sexual
arousal.
- Treatment: Medication (Sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil, vardenafil), Sex therapy
Ejaculate to fast
- Average ejaculation is 5.4 min.
- Etiology is unknown
- Treatment: Antidepressants, Dapoxetine and local anesthetic creams and sex therapy
including prohibition of intercourse, pelvic floor relaxation exercises, cognitive
therapy.
Delayed ejaculation
- Marked delay in ejaculation, Infrequency or absence of ejaculation on 75%-100% of
occasions, Causes: physical and psychogenic.
- Treatment: aim is to increase the sexual arousal. Look at what the goal is and finding a
treatment that works for that. (looking for sexual cues, masturbation training, etc.)
- Related problems:
o Retrograde ejaculation: Orgasm but no ejaculation through the urethral tract.
o Anhedonic ejaculation: Ejaculation but no orgasmic feeling
o Post orgasmic illness syndrome: Exceptional fatigue and exhaustion, Flu-like
symptoms, Irritable.
- Risk factors medicine: Antidepressants, antipsychotics, heroin use, alcohol and other
drugs.
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