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NUR3031 NUR 3031 Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Completed and Graded A
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lO M oARcPSD| 5347344NUR 3031 Pathophysiology Final Exam
Review
Pathophysiology (Nova Southeastern University)
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Pathophysiology Final Exam
Review
Endocrine disorders
• Affects many aspects of body functions
o Growth and development
o Energy metabolism
o Muscle and adipose tissue distribution
o Sexual development
o Fluid and electrolyte balance
o Inflammation and immune responses
• diseases involving the endocrine system present with hypofunction or hyperfunction
o primary or secondary disorder
primary: target gland producing hormone
secondary: target gland is functioning but something is wrong with the
pituitary system that affects the signal
tertiary: from the hypothalamus
o hypo-congenital, decreased function, neoplastic growth, aging, disease
o hyper- usually as a result of excessive hormone production
increased hyperplasia of tumor
• paraneoplastic syndrome – tumors can start producing hormones
• metaplastic lung cancer
When a hormone is released in circulation in the blood to produce a biological effect on distant
target cells
hypo means low function
hyper means high function
Primary disorders
originate in the target gland responsible for producing the hormone
Secondary disorder
the target gland is essentially normal, but its function is altered by defective levels of
stimulating hormones or releasing factors from the pituitary system
General aspects of altered endocrine function
processes that disturb the normal function of the endocrine system ->
o impaired or uncontrolled synthesis or release of hormones
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o altered interaction between hormones and their target tissues
something is wrong with the signal
o abnormal responses of the target tissues to their hormones
Process in which there is normal function of the endocrine function that gets impaired
General Dysfunction
hypofunction – under function
o congenital defects
o gland destroyed by
disruption of blood flow
• example: overinflation of trache cuff
inflammation
autoimmune response
neoplastic growth
• cancer or tumor
hyperfunction
o associated with excess hormone production
excessive stimulation
hyperplasia of gland
• grows in size, shape and number
hormone producing tumor
administration of exogenous hormones
• Artificial hormones or not coming from where they are supposed
to come
Hormone Disorders
• tertiary
o Abnormality in stimulation from the hypothalamus
• Secondary
o Abnormality in stimulation from the pituitary
• Primary
o Abnormality in the gland
Negative feedback: normal when they have enough they say stop
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Disorders of the pituitary
Anterior pituitary function
• Produces
o Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Anterior lobe of the pituitary
Controls the release of cortisol from the adrenal
o Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid gland
o Growth hormone (GH)
o Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Fertility
o Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Sex hormone
o Prolactin
Milk production
Hypothalamus-pituitary axis
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