Portage Learning Nursing BS 231 Pathophysiology Exam 8

1. Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR except: 1. The kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure of the rest of the body. 2. The sympathetic nervous system can supersede the renal autoregulatory system. 3. The RAA responds when blood pressure rises above normal limits. b. ADH levels will rise under which of the following circumstances? 1. Severe hemorrhage 2. Excessive sweating 3. Diarrhea 4. All of the above 5. None of the above b. Which of the following statements is true regarding nephrons? 1. It is divided into an outer medulla and an inner cortex 2. It has 1 source of blood supply 3. The glomerulus filters the blood while the tubule reabsorbs needed nutrients b. Excess accumulation of fluid within the interstitial compartment is characteristic of which of the following fluid imbalances? 1. Dehydration 2. Water intoxication 3. Edema b. Reabsorption in the PCT is characterized by the following except: 1. Na+ and water are reabsorbed in equal proportions 2. Glucose and amino acids are minimally reabsorbed in the PCT 3. Sodium, chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate are 65%-80% reabsorbed from the filtrate b. Which of the following is/are true regarding acid-base balance? (mark all that apply) 1. Acid-base balance refers to the balance of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the blood 2. Acid-base balance refers to the balance of the concentration of bicarbonate ions (OH-) in the blood 3. Venous blood is characterized by a more acidic pH 4. A higher concentration of OH- ions will increase the pH of the blood b. Chronic glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following except: 1. Patients have long periods of time where they are asymptomatic 2. Rarely progresses to CKD 3. Can develop from acute glomerulonephritis that did not resolve 4. Can develop insidiously b. Which of the following is characteristic of acute transplant rejection? 1. Occurs months to years after transplant 2. Involves increased T lymphocytes 3. It does not respond well to immunosuppressive therapy