PHYS 261 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 | PHYS 261 Human Physiology

PHYS 261 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 | PHYS 261 Human Physiology. The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are A) globulins. B) transport proteins. C) albumins. D) lipoproteins. E) fibrinogens. Answer: C A. albumins B. globulins C. fibrinogen D. transferrin E. antibodies 43) contribute(s) significantly to osmotic pressure of plasma Answer: A 44) help(s) defend the body against germs Answer: E 45) essential to the process of blood clotting Answer: C 46) bind(s) with iron in the blood Answer: D 47) a category that includes clotting factors and enzymes Answer: B 26) A normal adult hematocrit would be approximately ________%. A) 100 B) 75 C) 66 D) 45 E) 10 Answer: D 30) The process of red blood cell production is called A) erythrocytosis. B) erythropenia. C) hemocytosis. D) erythropoiesis. E) hematopenia. Answer: D 12) Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone A) thymosin. B) angiotensin I. C) erythropoietin. D) M-CSF. E) cobalamin. Answer: C 15) The primary organ where erythropoietin is produced is the A) liver. B) kidney. C) spleen. D) bone marrow. E) endothelial cells throughout the body. Answer: B 17) The primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin is A) hypoxemia only. B) low oxygen levels in the tissues only. C) low blood pressure only. D) hypoxemia and low oxygen levels in the tissues. E) hypoxemia, low oxygen levels in the tissues, and low blood pressure. Answer: D 11) ________ regulates the growth and maturation of megakaryocytes. A) Erythropoietin B) Interleukin C) Thrombopoietin D) Colony-stimulating factor E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C 13) Thrombopoietin is produced in the A) liver only. B) kidney only. C) spleen only. D) bone marrow only. E) liver and kidney. Answer: E 20) The function of red blood cells is to A) remove carbon dioxide from the lungs. B) remove nitrogenous wastes from active tissues. C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells. D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. E) defend the body against infectious organisms. Answer: C 36) Platelets function in A) transporting chemicals important for clotting. B) forming temporary patches in injured areas. C) contraction after clot formation. D) initiating the clotting process. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E 19) The average life span of a red blood cell is A) 1 week. B) 1 month. C) 4 months. D) 6 months. E) 1 year. Answer: C 14) In normal adults, red blood cells are formed in A) the liver. B) the spleen. C) red bone marrow. D) yellow bone marrow. E) lymph nodes. Answer: C 12) Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone A) thymosin. B) angiotensin I. C) erythropoietin. D) M-CSF. E) cobalamin. Answer: C 20) The function of red blood cells is to A) remove carbon dioxide from the lungs. B) remove nitrogenous wastes from active tissues. C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells. D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. E) defend the body against infectious organisms. Answer: C 23) The majority of the protein inside a red blood cell is A) albumin. B) porphyrin. C) hemoglobin. D) immunoglobulin. E) fibrinogen. Answer: C 1) Which is NOT considered to be a primary function of the respiratory system? A) regulation of water balance B) regulation of pH balance C) protection against pathogens D) vocalization E) gas exchange Answer: A 2) Ventilation is also known as A) breathing. B) inspiration. C) expiration. D) air conduction. E) blowing. Answer: A 5) Pulmonary ventilation refers to the A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. B) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. C) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space. D) movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells. E) utilization of oxygen. Answer: A ) Alveolar ventilation refers to the A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. B) movement of air into and out of the alveoli. C) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. D) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli. E) utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism. Answer: B 7) The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are A) bronchioles. B) alveolar ducts. C) pleural spaces. D) alveoli. E) terminal sacs. Answer: D 8) Place the following structures of the respiratory tree in the order in which air passes through them. 1. secondary bronchi 2. bronchioles 3. primary bronchi 4. alveoli 5. terminal bronchioles A) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 B) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 C) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 D) 3, 1, 2, 5, 4 E) 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 Answer: D 80) The respiratory rate times the tidal volume corrected for dead space is the A) vital capacity. B) respiratory minute volume. C) pulmonary ventilation rate. D) alveolar ventilation rate. E) external respiration rate. Answer: D 81) Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will A) increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. B) decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli to the blood. C) increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. D) decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli. E) have no effect on either the partial pressure or diffusion rate of gases. Answer: A 13) Type II alveolar cells A) allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes. B) secrete a chemical known as surfactant. C) are phagocytic. D) allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes, secrete a chemical known as surfactant, and are phagocytic. E) None of the statements are true. Answer: B 14) Type I alveolar cells A) allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes. B) secrete a chemical known as surfactant. C) are phagocytic. D) allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes, secrete a chemical known as surfactant, and are phagocytic. E) None of the statements are true. Answer: A 77) Damage to the type II cells of the lungs would contribute to A) a thickening of the respiratory membrane. B) an increased rate of gas exchange. C) alveolar rupture. D) alveolar collapse. E) decreased surface tension in the water lining the alveoli. Answer: D 16) Surfactant A) protects the surface of the lungs. B) phagocytizes small particulate matter. C) replaces mucus in the alveoli. D) helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing. E) is not found in healthy lung tissue. Answer: D 23) Boyle's law states that gas volume is A) directly proportional to pressure. B) directly proportional to temperature. C) inversely proportional to pressure. D) inversely proportional to temperature. E) None of the answers are correct.